STATE PROSECUTION IN JUSTICE УДК 343.1 : 343.575

Abstract

This research article analyzes thetheoretical and legal foundations of prosecutionin criminal proceedings, identifies key problems,and explores solutions. It examines the legal actsgoverning the institution of public prosecution.The primary functions of prosecution incriminal proceedings are highlighted. It is notedthat prosecution serves several functions withincriminal proceedings. First, it is a mandatoryelement without which a trial cannot beinitiated — essentially, prosecution serves asa prerequisite for the commencement of a trialand forms the basis for evaluating evidence.Second, prosecution serves as a criterion forsubsequent decisions, including the selection ofa preventive measure, as well as other possibleprocedural consequences for the accused.Third, prosecution guarantees the observanceof human rights, as it must be substantiated,supported by evidence, and comply withthe procedural form, thereby precludingarbitrary justice. Scientific approaches tounderstanding the essence of prosecutionin criminal proceedings are presented. Thisarticle presents statistics on the total number ofcriminal cases filed in first-instance courts, thenumber of convicted individuals, the number ofacquittals, and cases returned to the prosecutor.An analysis of statistical data, judicial errors,and emerging trends in criminal proceedingsis provided. The analysis provides conclusions on the prospects for the development of theprosecution system and offers recommendationsfor its improvement through amendmentsto current legislation and its application.