The influence of gender and age characteristics on attitudes towards assisted reproductive technologies
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Abstract
Today, Russia is experiencing a demographic crisis. The reproductive behavior of Russians is changing. In 2024, the birth rate in the country is 1.41. More than half (60%) of Russians plan to have only 1-2 children, and every tenth (15%) does not plan at all. The spread of infertility is also a serious problem, which, according to WHO, every sixth (17.5%) adult in the world faces. In this regard, the use of assisted reproductive technologies (IVF, surrogacy) becomes relevant, allowing both a married couple and a single woman to realize their reproductive potential. But here, many not only legal but also ethical dilemmas arise. In addition to the positive social effect, there are risks to the health of the woman and the fetus. The proportion of children born using ART with developmental disorders (genetic aberrations, mutagenic processes) is increasing. For women who have undergone the IVF procedure, the risk of oncological diseases increases.
In addition, the Union of Pediatricians of Russia condemns the use of surrogate motherhood, calling it inhumane, when "not two people, but three or more are involved in the process of conception, bearing and raising a child", which devalues the institution of motherhood itself. According to our data, the majority of the population has a neutral attitude towards surrogate motherhood (54.8%), every fourth informant (23.8%) has a positive attitude. No statistically significant difference was found depending on gender or age.
In addition, the Union of Pediatricians of Russia condemns the use of surrogate motherhood, calling it inhumane, when "not two people, but three or more are involved in the process of conception, bearing and raising a child", which devalues the institution of motherhood itself. According to our data, the majority of the population has a neutral attitude towards surrogate motherhood (54.8%), every fourth informant (23.8%) has a positive attitude. No statistically significant difference was found depending on gender or age. The IVF procedure is more widespread and is approved by the population (41.6%), with women more often (23% versus 34.9%, respectively) giving positive assessments. At the same time, respondents are more often negative (21.4%) (men 27.2% and women 17.9%). Middle-aged informants and young people are more loyal to the IVF technology: 60-78 years old (9.4%) versus 30-44 years old (39.8%) and 18-29 years old (29.9%). The results obtained can form the basis for measures to form a value-based attitude towards life, traditional family and motherhood. The programs can be implemented in the following areas of social policy: education and upbringing, work with youth, culture, science and religion, and the media.
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