РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ АРХЕО- И ЭТНОЗООЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ НА ПОСЕЛЕНИИ ПОЗДНЕГО БРОНЗОВОГО ВЕКА ЧЕРНОРЕЧЬЕ-2
Ключевые слова:
Южный Урал, поздний бронзовый век, алакульская культура, скотоводство, палеопатология, остеохондроз, остеофагия, крупный рогатый скот, мелкий рогатый скот, лошадь
Аннотация
Работа посвящена анализу археозоологических и этнозоологических материалов, которые представлены поселением Черноречье-2 и современным животноводством в долине реки Уй. Основной период функционирования поселка связан с алакульской культурой позднего бронзового века Южного Урала (XVII-XV вв. до н. э.). Целью статьи является реконструкция животноводства на основании анализа костей домашнего скота и данных, которые получены в ходе изучения прилегающего к памятнику участка долины реки. Кости из поселения Черноречье-2 анализировались с помощью стандартных и общепринятых археозоологических методов. Анализ археозоологической коллекции позволил реконструировать скотоводческий характер поселка на всем протяжении его существования. Обитатели памятника комплексно эксплуатировали крупный рогатый скот, овец, коз и лошадей. Палеопатологический анализ не выявил оснований для реконструкции рабочего использования быков и лошадей. Совместный анализ археозоологических и этнозоологических данных позволяет предложить оседлую форму скотоводства как наиболее приоритетную для поселка Черноречье-2. Часть площади поселка или его построек могли использоваться в качестве стойла для скота.
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Литература
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Barrón-Ortiz C.I., Jass C.N., Barrón-Corvera R., Austen J., Theodor J.M. Enamel Hypoplasia and Dental Wear of North American Late Pleistocene Horses and Bison: an Assessment of Nutritionally Based Extinction Models. Paleobiology. 2019. 45 (3). Pp. 484–515. (In Eng.) DOI: 10.1017/pab.2019.17
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Gajduchenko L. L. Biologicheskie ostatki iz ukreplennyh poselenii «Strany gorodov» Yuzhnogo Zaural’ya [Biological Remains from the Fortified Settlements of the “Country of Cities” of the Southern Trans-Urals]. Arkaim-Sintashta: Drevnee naselenie Yuzhnogo Urala [Arkaim-Sintashta: Ancient Population of the Southern Urals]. Chelyabinsk : ChelGU, 2010. Vol. 2. Pp. 96–108. (In Russ.)
Erohin N. G., Bachura O.P. Novyj podhod k komp’yuternoj formalizacii razdroblennosti kostnyh ostatkov mlekopitayushchih v arheologicheskih issledovaniyah [A New Approach to Computerized Formalization of the Fragmentation of Mammalian Bone Remains in Archaeological Research]. Metodika mezhdisciplinarnyh arheologicheskih issledovanij [Methodology for Interdisciplinary Archaeological Research]. Omsk : Nauka, 2011. Pp. 62–69. (In Russ.)
Zdanovich D. G. Zhertvoprinosheniya zhivotnyh v pogrebal’nom obryade naseleniya stepnogo Zaural’ya epohi srednej bronzy [Animal Sacrifices in the Burial Rite of the Population of the Steppe Trans-Urals of the Middle Bronze Age]. PhD. Ekaterinburg, 2005. 286 p. (In Russ.)
Kabysh A.A. Endemicheskaya osteodistrofiya krupnogo rogatogo skota na pochve nedostatka mikroelementov [Endemic Osteodystrophy of Cattle due to Lack of Trace Elements]. Chelyabinsk : Yuzh.-Ural. kn. izd-vo, 1967. 371 p. (In Russ.)
Kosincev P.A. Predvaritel’noe soobshchenie o faune poseleniya Kulevchi-3 [Preliminary Report on the Fauna of the Kulevchi 3 Settlement]. Ispol’zovanie metodov estestvennyh nauk pri izuchenii drevnej istorii Zapadnoj Sibiri [The Use of Natural Science Methods in the Study of the Ancient History of Western Siberia]. Barnaul, 1983. Pp. 57–63. (In Russ.)
Kosincev P.A. Kostnye ostatki zhivotnyh iz ukreplennogo poseleniya Arkaim [Bone Remains of Animals from the Fortified Settlement Arkaim]. Arheologicheskij istochnik i modelirovanie drevnih tehnologii. Trudy muzeya-zapovednika Arkaim [Archaeological Source and Modeling of Ancient Technologies. Proceedings of the Arkaim Museum-Reserve]. Chelyabinsk : Institut istorii i arheologii UrO RAN, 2000. Pp. 17–44. (In Russ.)
Kosincev P.A., Bachura O.P. Kostnye ostatki zhivotnyh iz poseleniya Ust’e [Bone Remains of Animals from the Ustye Settlement]. Drevnee Ust’e: ukreplennoe poselenie bronzovogo veka v Yuzhnom Zaural’e [Ancient Ustye: Fortified Settlement of the Bronze Age in the Southern Trans-Urals]. Chelyabinsk: Abris, 2013. Pp. 363–387. (In Russ.)
Kupriyanova E.V. Spasatel’nye raskopki poseleniya Chernorech’e-2 v Troickom rajone Chelyabinskoj oblasti v 2019 g. [Rescue Excavations of the Settlement of Chernorechye-2 in the Troitsky District of the Chelyabinsk Region in 2019]. Arhiv UNC izucheniya problem prirody i cheloveka ChelGU [Archive of the ESC for the Study of Problems of Nature and Men of the CSU]. 2020. 125 p. (In Russ.)
Rassadnikov A.Yu. Osteofagiya domashnih kopytnyh na poseleniyah bronzovogo veka Yuzhnogo Zaural’ya) po arheozoologicheskim I etnozoologicheskim materialam) [The Osteophagia of Domestic Ungulates in the Settlements of the Bronze Age of the Southern Trans-Urals (Based on Archaeozoological and Ethnozoological Materials)]. Vestnik arheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography]. 2017a. №2 (37). Pp. 163–168. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.20874/2071-0437-2017-37-2-163-168.
Rassadnikov A.Yu. Rezul’taty arkeozoologicheskih issledovanij na poseleniyah Bol’shaya Berezovaya-2, Malaya Berezovaya-4 i Aleksandro-Nevskoe-I v Yuzhnom Zaural’e [Results of Archaeozoological Studies at the Settlements Bolshaya Berezovaya-2, Malaya Berezovaya-4 and Aleksandro-Nevskoye-I in the Southern Trans-Urals]. Vestnik arheologii, antropologii i etnografii [Bulletin of Archaeology, Anthropology and Ethnography]. 2017b. 3 (38). Pp. 176–185. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.20874/2071-0437-2017-38-3-176-185.
Rassadnikov A.Yu. Rezul’taty arheozoologicheskih issledovanij na poselenii bronzovogo veka Konoplyanka v Yuzhnom Zaural’e [Results of Archaeozoological Research at the Bronze Age Settlement of Konoplyanka in the Southern Trans-Urals]. Arheologiia, etnografiya i antropologiya Evrazii [Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia]. 2019. №2 (47). Pp. 33–39. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2019.47.2.033-039
Rassadnikov A.Yu. Osedloe skotovodstvo na rubezhe III–II tys. do n.e. v Yuzhnom Zaural’e po arheozoologicheskim materialam poseleniya Kamennyj Ambar [Settled Pastoralism at the Turn of the 3rd –2nd Millennium BC in the Southern Trans-Urals on the Basis of Archaeozoological Materials from the Kamenny Ambar Settlement]. Izvestiya Laboratorii drevnih tehnologij [Bulletin of the Laboratory of Ancient Technologies]. 2020. 16 (3). Pp. 46–64. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.21285/2415-8739-2020-3-46-64
Smirnov N.G. Landshaftnaya interpretaciya novyh dannyh po faune andronovskih pamyatnikov Zaural’ya [Landscape Interpretation of New Data on the Fauna of the Andronovo Sites in the Trans-Urals]. Voprosy arheologii Urala [Archeological Issues of the Urals]. 1975. Vol. 13. Pp. 32–42. (In Russ.)
Barbosa J.D., Lima D.H.S., Belo-Reis A.S., Pinheiro C.P., Sousa M.G.S. Silva J.B., Salvarani F.M., Oliveira C.M.C. Degenerative Joint Disease in Cattle and Buffaloes in the Amazon Region: a Retrospective Study. Pesq. Vet. Bras. 2014. 34 (9). Pp. 845–850. (In Eng.)
Barrón-Ortiz C.I., Jass C.N., Barrón-Corvera R., Austen J., Theodor J.M. Enamel Hypoplasia and Dental Wear of North American Late Pleistocene Horses and Bison: an Assessment of Nutritionally Based Extinction Models. Paleobiology. 2019. 45 (3). Pp. 484–515. (In Eng.) DOI: 10.1017/pab.2019.17
Bartosiewicz L., Van Neer W., Lentacker A. Draught Cattle: Their Osteological Identification and History. Tervuren : Annales du Musée Royal de l’Afrique Centrale. Sciences Zoologiques, 1997. 147 p. (In Eng.)
Behrensmeyer A.K. Taphonomic and Ecologic Information from Bone Weathering. Paleobiology. 1978. 4 (2). Pp. 150–162. (In Eng.) https://www.jstor.org/stable/2400283.
Brown D., Anthony D. Bit Wear, Horseback Riding and the Botai Site in Kazakstan. Journal of Archaeological Science. 1998. 25. Pp. 331–347. (In Eng.)
Cáceres I., Esteban-Nadal M., Bennàsar M., Fernández-Jalvo Y. Was It the Deer or the Fox? Journal of Archaeological Science. 2011. 38. Pp. 2767–2774. (In Eng.) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2011.06.020
Caceres I., Esteban-Nadal M., Bennasar M., Monfort D., Pesquero M. D., Fernandez-Jalvo Y. Osteophagia and Dental Wear in Herbivores: Actualistic Data and Archaeological Evidence. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2013. №40. Pp. 3105–3116. (In Eng.) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.04.006
Dottrens E. Etude preliminaire: Les phalanges osseuses de Bos taurus domesticus. Rev. Suisse de Zool. 1946. №53 (33). Pp. 739–774.
Hanks B., Ventresca Miller A., Judd M., Epimakhov A.V., Razhev D., Privat K. Bronze Age Diet and Economy: New Stable Isotopes Data from the Steppes of Central Eurasia (2100–1700 BC). Journal of Archaeological Science. 2018. №97. Pp. 14–25. (In Eng.) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2018.06.006.
Houpt K.A. Motivation for Cribbing by Horses. Animal Welfare. 2012. 21. Pp. 1–7. (In Eng.)
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Опубликован
2021-03-27
Как цитировать
Рассадников А. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ АРХЕО- И ЭТНОЗООЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ НА ПОСЕЛЕНИИ ПОЗДНЕГО БРОНЗОВОГО ВЕКА ЧЕРНОРЕЧЬЕ-2 // Теория и практика археологических исследований, 2021. Т. 33, № 1. С. 85-105 DOI: 10.14258/tpai(2021)33(1).-06. URL: https://journal.asu.ru/tpai/article/view/9389.
Выпуск
Раздел
ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ЕСТЕСТВЕННО-НАУЧНЫХ МЕТОДОВ В АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯХ
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