RESULTS OF ARCHAEO- AND ETHNOZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON THE SETTLEMENT OF THE LATE BRONZE AGE CHERNORECH’E-2
Keywords:
South Urals, Late Bronze Age, Alakul culture, pastoralism, paleopathology, osteochondrosis, osteophagia, cattle, caprines, horse
Abstract
The work is devoted to the analysis of archaeozoological and ethnozoological materials, which are represented by the settlement of Chernorechye-2 and modern animal husbandry in the valley of the Uy river. The main period of the settlement’s functioning is associated with the Alakul culture of the Late Bronze Age of the Southern Urals (the 17<sup>th</sup> - 15<sup>th</sup> centuries BC). The aim of the article is to reconstruct various aspects of animal husbandry based on the analysis of the bones of livestock and data obtained while studying the section of the river valley adjacent to the site. The bones from the Chernorechye-2 settlement of were analyzed using standard and generally accepted archaeozoological methods. Analysis of the archaeozoological collection made it possible to reconstruct the cattle-breeding character of the settlement throughout its entire existence. The inhabitants of the site comprehensively exploited cattle, sheep, goats and horses. Paleopathological analysis revealed no basis for reconstructing the working use of bulls and horses. Joint analysis of archaeozoological and ethnozoological data allows us to propose a settled model form of pastoralism as the highest priority for the Chernorechye-2 settlement. Part of the area of the settlement buildings could be used as a stall for livestock.
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References
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Cáceres I., Esteban-Nadal M., Bennàsar M., Fernández-Jalvo Y. Was It the Deer or the Fox? Journal of Archaeological Science. 2011. 38. Pp. 2767–2774. (In Eng.) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2011.06.020
Caceres I., Esteban-Nadal M., Bennasar M., Monfort D., Pesquero M. D., Fernandez-Jalvo Y. Osteophagia and Dental Wear in Herbivores: Actualistic Data and Archaeological Evidence. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2013. №40. Pp. 3105–3116. (In Eng.) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.04.006
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Hanks B., Ventresca Miller A., Judd M., Epimakhov A.V., Razhev D., Privat K. Bronze Age Diet and Economy: New Stable Isotopes Data from the Steppes of Central Eurasia (2100–1700 BC). Journal of Archaeological Science. 2018. №97. Pp. 14–25. (In Eng.) https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2018.06.006.
Houpt K.A. Motivation for Cribbing by Horses. Animal Welfare. 2012. 21. Pp. 1–7. (In Eng.)
Hutson J., Burke C., Haynes G. Osteophagia and Bone Modifications by Giraffe and Other Large Ungulates. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2013. №40. Pp. 4139–4149. (In English) http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jas.2013.06.004
Kierdorf H., Zeiler J., Kierdorf U. Problems and Pitfalls in the Diagnosis of Linear Enamel Hypoplasia in Cheek Teeth of Cattle. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2006. 33. Pp. 1690–1695. (In English) doi:10.1016/j.jas.2006.03.001
Langman V. Giraffe Pica Behavior and Pathology as Indicators of Nutritional Stress. Journal of Wildlife Management. 1978. №42 (1). Pp. 141–147. (In Eng.)
Niven L.B., Egeland C.P., Todd L.C. An Inter-site Comparison of Enamel Hypoplasia Occurrence in Bison: Implications for Paleoecology and Modeling Late Plains Archaic Subsistence. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2004. №31. Pp. 1783–1794. (In Eng.) http://doi:10.1016/j.jas.2004.06.001
O’Connor T. On the Differential Diagnosis of Arthropathy in Bovids. Documenta Archaebiologae. 2008. Pp. 165–186. (In Eng.)
Rassadnikov A. Bone Pathologies of Modern Non-Draft Cattle (Bos Taurus) in the Context of Grazing System and Environmental Influences in the South Urals, Russia. International Journal of Paleopathology. 2021. 32. Pp. 87–102. (In Eng.) http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpp.2020.11.003
Silver I. The Ageing of Domestic Animals. Science in Archaeology: a Survey of Progress and Research. London: Thames and Hudson, 1969. Pp. 283–302. (In Eng.)
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Published
2021-03-27
How to Cite
Rassadnikov A. Y. RESULTS OF ARCHAEO- AND ETHNOZOOLOGICAL RESEARCH ON THE SETTLEMENT OF THE LATE BRONZE AGE CHERNORECH’E-2 // THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 2021. Vol. 33, № 1. P. 85-105 DOI: 10.14258/tpai(2021)33(1).-06. URL: https://journal.asu.ru/tpai/article/view/9389.
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Section
SCIENTIFIC METHODS IN ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH
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