BURIAL GROUND OF THE TASHTYK CULTURE TESINSKIY ZALIV‑3: ARCHAEOLOGICAL CONTEXT AND DENDROCHRONOLOGICAL RESEARCH
Abstract
The article presents the results of the study of the Tashtyk culture burial ground Tesinskiy Zaliv‑3. The site is located in the Republic of Khakassia in the left-bank part of the Sydo-Yerbinskaya Basin, on a small cape south of the mouth of the Tes’ River. It was discovered in 2012, and its field study has been conducted since 2017. At the time of discovery, the burial ground consisted of 81 objects. Excavations along the coastline revealed four ground graves, three of which contained log cabins, and three objects of ritual purpose. According to the features of the burial rite, three groups of graves are distinguished: cremation in a log cabin, burial in a pit, and a bi-ritual rite (burning and burial) in a log cabin. The range of objects found in burials is widely represented in the cemeteries of the Tashtyk culture: vessels on a tray, hairpins, beads of various types–glass and made of carnelian, which find close analogies with antique beads. Particular emphasis is placed on the study of wooden structures using the dendrochronology method for the purpose of relative dating of the graves. A series of 21 samples was selected from all burials with wood structures (graves 1, 2, 9). For each grave, a generalized tree-ring chronology (TRC) of varying length was constructed: grave 1 — larch, 95 years length; grave 2 — larch, 116 years; grave 9 — pine, 159 years. Cross-dating of the TRC of the three graves with each other and with the dendroscale of the Oglakhty burial ground made it possible to link all three graves with the relative Oglakhty chronology in a narrow interval: 178 (grave 1), 176 (grave 2) and 180 (grave 9) years on the relative scale. These dates are very close to the early group of graves of the Oglakhty necropolis. Radiocarbon dating makes it possible to estimate the time of construction of the burials at both sites: the second quarter of the 2nd — second quarter of the 4th centuries AD.
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