Abstract
The article describes the distribution dynamics of the widely spread species Vanessa atalanta (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae), which is for the first time reliably noted for a number of Siberian regions (Krasnoyarsk Territory, the Republic of Khakassia, Kemerovo Territory) and for Tajikistan (Western Pamir, the Bartang river valley).
doi: 10.5281/zenodo.10814373
Corresponding author: Roman V. Yakovlev (yakovlev_asu@mail.ru)
Academic editor: A. Matsyura | Received 15 January 2024 | Accepted 2 February 2024 | Published 17 March 2024
http://zoobank.org/168D9FDE-DC91-4FCA-AE88-706EB7D5334B
Citation: Chumakov SV, Goshko DV, Korshunov AV, Yakovlev RV (2024) The Red Admiral (Vanessa atalanta) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) continues to expand its range in Eurasia. Acta Biologica Sibirica 10: 47–54. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10814373
Keywords
Butterflies, East Siberia, Pamir, Tajikistan, area dynamics, Vanessa, Limenitis, Apatura, Maniola
Introduction
The Red Admiral − Vanessa atalanta (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) is a widely spread species (western Eurasia, northern Africa, North America from Canada to Mexico cross Central America to Columbia (Rodríguez & iNaturalist 2024), the Bermudas, the Hawaii and New Zealand), it is also an active migrant (Tuzov et al. 2000; Mikkola 2003; Bozano & Floriani 2012). Northern, eastern and south-eastern portions of its habitat tend to expand. Thus, for the european north-east of Russia, V. atalanta was indicated in a series of localities up to 65° N (Tatarinov & Dolgin 1999), and 20 years later it was already found 2 degrees north and about 300 km east – in the vicinity of the Kharp village in the Asian part of the Polar Ural Mountains (Rybalkin et al. 2018).
In the south of western Siberia in XX century the most eastern points of the habitat were the sporadic findings of occasionally appearing specimens in a number of localities in Novosibirsk Territory (Ruzskyi 1946; Korshunov 1961, 1981). Later, the species findings in Novosibirsk Territory became more stable (Ivonin et al. 2013, 2018). For more eastern regions of Siberia the data were given without specifying the exact localities and were not confirmed by the collection materials (Tuzov 1993; Korshunov & Gorbunov 1995; Tuzov et al. 2000). The first reliable findings from Altai Territory were provided by Yakovlev (2001), in the Republic of Altai – by Yakovlev (2002) and Mitrofanov (2006), in the Republic of Khakassia – by Korshunov (2002), in Krasnoyarsk region – by Gorbunov & Kosterin (2007), Anikin et al. (2019). In the Altai Territory, the species started to appear annually, but only in autumn (Roman Yakovlev and Timofey Zalutskyi pers. comm.). The obtained data are summarized on maps (Tshikolovets et al. 2009).
The findings in Central Asia are quite sporadic and are probably occasional flights. The most eastern localities in Kazakhstan are the Altai Mountains and Zaisan Valley (Tshikolovets et al., 2016). It is necessary to notice that the Red Admiral has not been found yet in China and Mongolia. The most south-eastern flights of V. atalanta in Central Asia are recorded in Uzbekistan (south-western Kyzylkum and Zeravshan ridge) (Tshikolovets 2 000).
Materials and methods
The materials for the research were obtained in the field studies of the first three authors of this publication. The distribution map was generated using SimpleMappr (Shorthouse 2010) and then edited using Adobe Photoshop CS6.
Result
Vanessa atalanta (Linnaeus, 1758)
Figs 1–8
Material examined. 1 male, Tajikistan, W Pamir, 40 km Rushan city, Yazgulem range, Bartang Vall., Siponch vill., Vodz riv., H 2800−3200 m, 19−27. 07.2023, leg. D. Goshko (private collection of Roman V. Yakovlev, Barnaul); 1 male, Russia, Kemerovo Territory, Novokuznetsk District, 10 km NE Chistaya Griva vill., mine Uvalnaya, H 313 m, 54°05'18.1"N, 87°35'46.4"E, 19.10.2023, leg. A. Korshunov (private collection of Alexey V. Korshunov, Kemerovo).
Photo-Material examined. Seven photo in Nature from Gornoe Forestry (Shushensky Bor National Park, Krasnoyarsk Territory, Shushenskoe district 22.ix.2023); Yenisei Valley (Khakassia Republic, Cheremushki, 7.x.2023) and (Yenisei Valley, Krasnoyarsk Territory, near Cheremushki, 10.x.2023).
Thus, in 2023 the occasional flights of the Red Admiral significantly expanded the species range – V. atalanta was for the first time indicated in Tajikistan, which increases the species habitat for about 500 km to south-east; we also indicated for the first time the findings verified by materials in the Kemerovo and Krasnoyarsk Territories and the Republic of Khakassia.
Figure 1.Figures 1–4. Vanessa atalanta, adult specimens: 1. Tajikistan, W Pamir, 40 km Rushan city, Yazgulem range, Bartang Vall., Siponch vill., Vodz riv., H 2800−3200 m, 19−27. vii.2023, leg. D. Goshko (private collection of Roman V. Yakovlev, Barnaul); 2. Russia, Kemerovo Territory, Novokuznetsk District, 10 km NE Chistaya Griva vill., mine Uvalnaya, H 313 m, 54°05'18.1"N, 87°35'46.4"E, 19.x.2023, leg. A. Korshunov (private collection of Alexey V. Korshunov, Kemerovo); 3. Russia, Krasnoyarsk Territoty, Shushenskoe District, 22.ix.2023 (photo by Sergey V. Chumakov); 4. Russia, Khakassia Republic, near Cheremushki, 7.x.2023 (photo by Sergey V. Chumakov).
Figure 2.Figures 5–6. Habitats of V. atalanta: 5. Tajikistan, Bartang Valley (photo by Dmitry V. Goshko); 6. Krasnoyarsk Territory and Khakassia Republic, Yenisei Valley (photo by Sergey V. Chumakov).
Figure 3.Figures 7–8. Distributional maps of V. atalanta (black – known localities, red – new localities): 7. Eastern part of area in Siberia; 8. Central Asian part of area.
Discussion
It is obvious that further expansion of the Nymphalidae genera Apatura Fabricius, 1807, Limenitis Fabricius, 1807, Vanessa Fabricius, 1807, and Maniola Schrank, 1801, is going on, these genera are actively expanding their habitats in the Palaearctic (Dubatolov & Kosterin 2000; Knyazev & Kosterin 2003; Kosterin et al. 2007; Yakovlev et al. 2014; Yakovlev & Kostyunin 2015; Gordeev 2016; Dragan 2018; Gordeev & Gordeeva 2020; Knyazev 2020; Kostyunin & Klyueva 2020; Berlov et al. 2023; Borisova et al. 2023; Davydov et al. 2023; Gordeev et al. 2023). In some cases it is hard to say whether these findings are just occasional flights, or a sign of formation of stable populations. For new findings of Vanessa atalanta in Siberia it sounds more like occasional flights, as all the most eastern findings are dated by autumn (September–October). Finding of the species representatives in western Pamir is of a peculiar interest (in addition to the collected male, D. Goshko saw a few more specimens) – in this case it is difficult to establish where V. atalanta penetrated from to Pamir – from more northern regions of Central Asia (Tien-Chan or Zeravshan) or on the contrary, from the south (northern India and northern Pakistan).
Acknowledgements
The study of Roman Yakovlev was funded by the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (project FZMW-2023- 0006 “Endemic, local and invasive arthropods (Arthropoda) of the mountains of South Siberia and Central Asia: a unique gene pool of a biodiversity hotspot”.
References
Anikin VV, Baryshnikova SV, Beljaev EA, Budashkin YuI, Van Nieukerken EI, Dubatolov VV, Efetov KA, Zolotuhin VV, Knyazev SA, Kovtunovich VN, Kozlov MV, Kononenko VS, Lovtsova JuA, Lukhtanov VA, Lvovsky AL, Matov AYu, Mironov VG, Nedoshivina SV, Ponomarenko MG, Sviridov VA, Sinev SYu, Solovjev AV, Streltsov AN, Trofimova TA, Ustjuzhanin PY, Shovkoon DF, Yakovlev RV (2019) Catalogue of the Lepidoptera of Russia. St. Petersburg, 448 pp. [In Russian]
Bayartogtokh B, Enkhbayar T (2009) A New Record of Butterfly Species, Apatura metis Freyer, 1829 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) in Mongolia. Mongolian Journal of Biological Sciences 7(1−2): 3−6.
Berlov OE, Berlov EY, Berlov NO (2023) Findings of Emperor Butterflies of the Genus Apatura (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) in the Irkutsk region. Baikal zoological journal 1(33): 143−144. [In Russian]
Borisova NG, Starkov AI, Gordeev SYu, Gordeeva TV (2023) The find of Apatura iris (Linnaeus, 1758) in Irkutsk region. Baikal zoological journal 1(33): 65−68. [In Russian]
Bozano GC, Floriani A (2012) Nymphalidae. Part V. Subfamily Nymphalinae. Tribes Nymphalini, Kallimini, Junoniini. Guide to the Butterflies of the Palearctic Region. Omnes Artes, Milano, 90 p.
Davydov EA, Kosachev P, Golyakov P, Zalutsky T, Svirin E, Kudrov O, Pavlova P, Storozhenko Yu, Yakovchenko L, Yakovlev R (2023) New and noteworthy records of Plants, Lichens and Lepidoptera in Altai Territory and Republic of Altai (Southern Siberia). Acta Biologica Sibirica 9: 243–264. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7865738
Dragan SV (2018) First record of Apatura iris (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from the Republic of Khakassia (South Siberia). Acta Biologica Sibirica 4(4): 114–115.
Dubatolov VV, Kosterin OE (2000) Nemoral species of Lepidoptera (Insecta) in Siberia: a novel view on their history and the timing of their range disjunctions. Entomologica Fennica 11: 141–166.
Gorbunov PY, Kosterin OE (2007) The Butterflies (Hesperioidea and Papilionoidea) of North Asia (Asian part of Russia) in nature. Vol. 2. Rodina & Fodio Publ., Moscow, 408 pp.
Gordeev SY (2016) New records of nemoral Nymphalidae butterfly species (Lepidoptera, Diurna) in southwestern part of the Zabaikalskii Krai of Russia. Euroasian Entomological Journal 15(6): 563–565.
Gordeev SY, Gordeeva TV (2020) The Causes of Penetration of Apatura Fabricius, 1807 (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) Species into Western Transbaikalia. Russian Journal of Biological Invasions 11(1): 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1134/S207511172001004X [In Russian]
Gordeev SY, Gordeeva TV, Korsun OV (2023) On the Reasons of Limenitis sydyi (Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae) Expansion in Trasbaikalia. Russian Journal of Biological Invasions 4: 40–53. https://doi.org/10.35885/1996-1499-16-4-40-53 [In Russian]
Rodríguez J, iNaturalist (2024). iNaturalist Research-grade Observations. iNaturalist.org. Occurrence dataset https://doi.org/10.15468/ab3s5x accessed via GBIF.org on 2024-01-22. https://www.gbif.org/occurrence/3772718538
Ivonin VV, Kosterin OE, Nikolaev SL (2013) Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Diurna) of Novosibirskaya Oblast, Russia. 3. Nymphalidae (without Satyrinae). Euroasian Entomological Journal 12(2): 177–199. [In Russian]
Ivonin VV, Kosterin OE, Nikolaev SL (2018) Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Diurna) of Novosibirskaya Oblast, Russia. 5. Updates and general discussion. Euroasian Entomological Journal 17(1): 25–52. https://doi.org/10.15298/euroasentj.17.1.04 [In Russian]
Knyazev SA (2020) Catalogue of Lepidoptera of Omsk Oblast (Russia). Macrolepidoptera. Families: Hepialidae, Brachodidae, Cossidae, Sesiidae, Limacodidae, Zygaenidae, Thyrididae, Drepanidae,Uraniidae, Geometridae, Lasiocampidae, Lemoniidae, Endromididae, Saturniidae, Sphingidae, Notodontidae, Lymantriidae, Arctiidae, Syntomidae, Erebidae, Nolidae, Noctuidae, Hesperiidae,Papilionidae, Pieridae, Lycaenidae, Nymphalidae, Satyridae. Acta Biologica Sibirica 6: 139–226. https://doi.org/10.3897/abs.6.e53005
Knyazev SA, Kosterin OE (2003) New records of nemoral butterflies Apatura iris (L., 1758) and Maniola jurtina (L., 1758) in West Siberia and their probable zoogeographical significance. Euroasian Entomological Journal 2(3): 193–194. [In Russian]
Kosterin OE, Knyazev SA, Poteiko AA, Ponomarev KB, Kosheleva TF, Teploukhov VY (2007) New records of butterflies in Tomskaya and Omskaya Oblast’. Euroasian Entomological Journal 6(4): 473–482. [In Russian]
Korshunov YP (1961) Fauna of Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Diurna) of the coastal zone of Novosibirsk reservoir. Proceedings of Biological Institute SO AN USSR 7: 199−207. [In Russian]
Korshunov YP (1981) New data about Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera) of Novosibirsk Territory. Entomologicheskoe Obozrenie 60 (4): 804−812. [In Russian]
Korshunov YP (2000) Butterflies of Ural, Siberia and Far East (keys and details). OOO “Vitel”, Novosibirsk. 219 pp.
Korshunov YP, Gorbunov PY (1995) The Butterflies of Asian part of Russia. Ural State University Publishing House, Ekaterinburg, 202 pp. [In Russian]
Kostyunin AE, Klyueva AA (2020) First record of the Meadow Brown Maniola jurtina (Linnaeus, 1758) (Lepidoptera, Satyridae) from Kemerovskaya Oblast, Russia. Euroasian entomological journal 19 (5): 264-267. https://doi.org/10.15298/euroasentj.19.5.07
Mikkola K (2003) The Red Admiral butterfly (Vanessa atalanta, Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) is a true seasonal migrant: an evolutionary puzzle resolved? European Journal of Entomology 100: 625−626.
Mitrofanov OB (2006) To the list of Butterflies [Red Book of Altai Republic]. Rare animals of Altai Republic, Gorno-Altainsk State University, Gorno-Altainsk, 16–44 p. [In Russian]
Ruzskyi MD (1946) Zoodynamics of Barabinsk Steppe. Proceedings of Tomsk University 97: 17−68. [In Russian]
Rybalkin S, Zurilina V, Yakovlev R (2018) Interesting records of Butterflies (Lepidoptera, Papilionoidea) in the Ural Mountains (Russia). Entomologist’s Gazette 69: 239–242. https://doi.org/10.31184/G00138894.694.1666
Shorthouse DP (2010) SimpleMappr, an online tool to produce publication-quality point maps [online]. https://www.simplemappr.net/ (accessed 20 January 2024).
Tshikolovets VV (2000) The Butterflies of Uzbekistan. Tshikolovets Publ., Kyiv−Brno, 400 pp.
Tshikolovets VV, Yakovlev RV, Kosterin OE (2009) The Butterflies of Altai, Sayans and Tuva. Tshikolovets Publ., Pardubice, 374 pp.
Tshikolovets V, Kosterin O, Gorbunov P, Yakovlev R (2016) The Butterflies of Kazakhstan (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Tshikolovets Publ., Pardubice, 379 pp.
Tuzov VK (1993) The synonymic list of butterflies from the ex-USSR. Rosagroservice, Moscow, 74 pp.
Tuzov VK, Bogdanov PV, Churkin SV, Danchenko AV, Devyatkin AL, Murzin VS, Samodurov GD, Zhdanko AV (2000) Guide to the butterflies of Russia and adjacent territories (Lepidoptera, Rhopalocera). Vol. 2: Libytheidae, Danaidae, Nymphalidae, Riodinidae, Lycaenidae). Pensoft, Sofia–Moscow, 580 pp.
Yakovlev RV (2001) New data on the Fauna and Taxonomy of Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) in Siberia. Russian Entomological Journal 9 (4): 375−376. [In Russian]
Yakovlev RV (2002) New data on the Fauna and Taxonomy of Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of the East Palearctic Region. Euroasian Entomological Journal 1 (2): 173−176. [In Russian]
Yakovlev RV, Kostyunin AE (2015) Range expansion of Apatura iris (Linnaeus, 1758) in Siberia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterologia 43(170): 305–308.
Yakovlev R, Naidenov A, Perunov Y, Artemiev R (2014) First record of Apatura iris (Linnaeus, 1758) in Altai Krai, Russia (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae). Entomologist’s Gazette 65: 11–14.