Keywords
distribution
diversity
nematodes
Solanum lycopersicum
humus
ecological diversity
How to Cite
Abstract
Nematodes are the most widespread multicellular organisms found in soil ecosystems. They engage in complex and diverse relationships with plants and other living organisms. Additionally, the composition of nematode communities varies across different climatic conditions. This study was conducted in the Zarafshan Valley of Uzbekistan, where the species and ecological diversity of nematodes have not been thoroughly explored. Our research identified 87 nematode species belonging to seven orders across various biotopes associated with tomato plants in three regions of the Zarafshan Valley. Notably, the majority of these species were found in the rhizosphere soil. For the first time in this region, we classified nematodes into ecological groups based on their trophic characteristics, revealing that the bacterivores group is the most dominant. We calculated ecological indicators for nematodes in different biotopes using the Simpson index (Dˊ), Shannon index (Hˊ), Menhinck index, Margalef index, and Berger-Parker index. The diversity of nematode fauna across these biotopes was analyzed in relation to soil organic matter content, humidity, and pH levels. Our findings further demonstrate that variations in the species and ecological composition of nematodes among biotopes are influenced by multiple factors, particularly their trophic characteristics.
References
Abd–Elgawad MMM (2014) Plant–parasitic nematode threats to global food security. Journal of Nematology 46 (2): 130–130.
Abd–Elgawad MMM (2020) Optimizing biological control agents for controlling nematodes of tomato in Egypt. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 30 (58): 1–10 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938–020–00252–x
AbdelRazek GM, Balah MA (2023) Associate plant parasitic nematodes to weed species in some newly reclaimed lands. Scientific Reports 13: 21923. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-49357-x
Banora MY (2023) Impacting of Root–Knot Nematodes on Tomato: Current Status and Potential Horizons for Its Managing. Tomato Cultivation and Consumption – Innovation and Sustainability. IntechOpen: 112868. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.112868
Becerra A, Bartoloni N, Cofr EN, Soteras F, Cabello M (2014) Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in saline soils: vertical distribution at different soil depth. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology 45: 585–94. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1517–83822014000200029
Čerevková A, Renèo M (2009) Soil nematode community changes associated with windfall and wildfire in forest soil at the High Tatras National Park, Slovak Republic. Helminthologia 46: 123–130.
Chitwood BG (1937) A revised classification of the Nematoda. In: Anonym (Ed.) Skrjabin Jubilee Volume. Nauka, Moscow: 69–80. [In Russian]
Coyne DL, Cortada L, Dalzell JJ, Claudius-Cole AO, Haukeland S, Luambano N, Talwana H (2018) Plant-Parasitic Nematodes and Food Security in Sub-Saharan Africa. Annual Review of Phytopathology 25 (56): 381–403. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-phyto-080417-045833
De Castro F, Adl SM, Allesina S, Bardgett RD, Bolger T, Dalzell JJ, Emmerson M, Fleming T, Garlaschelli D, Grilli J, Hannula SE, de Vries F, Lindo Z, Maule AG, Öpik M, Rillig MC, Veresoglou SD, Wall DH, Caruso T (2021) Local stability properties of complex, species-rich soil food webs with functional block structure. Ecology & Evolution 11: 16070–16081. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8278
Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD (2001) PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Palaeontologia Electronica 4: 1–9.
Hodda M (2022) Phylum Nematoda: a classification, catalogue and index of valid genera, with a census of valid species. Zootaxa 5114(1): 001–289. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5114.1.1
Jagdale S, Rao U, Giri AP (2021) Effectors of Root-Knot Nematodes: An Arsenal for Successful Parasitism. Frontiers in Plant Science 12: 800030. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.800030
Jiang Y, Liu M, Zhang J, Chen Y, Chen X, Chen L, Li H, Zhang XX, Sun BO (2017) Nematode grazing promotes bacterial community dynamics in soil at the aggregate level. The ISME Journal 11(12): 2705–2717. https://doi.org/10.1038/ismej.2017.120
Karuri H (2023) Nematode community response to intensive tomato production in the tropics. Rhizosphere 25: 100681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rhisph.2023.100681
Kemboi B, Karuri H, Nyaga JM, Kingsbury AJ (2022) Vertical Distribution of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes in Sweet Potato. Journal of Nematology 54 (1): 20220025. https://doi.org/10.2478/jofnem-2022-0025
Kepenekci I, Saglam HD, Oksal E, Yanar D, Yanar Y (2017) Nematicidal activity of Beauveria bassiana (Bals.–Criv.) Vuill. against root-knot nematodes on tomato grown under natural conditions. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control 27 (1): 117–120.
Keshava MV, Shwetha A (2023) Community structure and functional diversity of soil nematodes from Udupi district, Karnataka, India. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 15 (4): 1484–1498. https://doi.org/10.31018/jans.v15i4.4972
Khakimov NKh (2014) Parasitic phytonematodes of tomato and their biocenotic features in open ground conditions. Animal morphology and ecology. Collection of scientific articles. Samarkand, 102–106. [In Uzbek]
Kim E, Seo Y, Kim YS, Park Y, Kim YH (2017) Effects of Soil Textures on Infectivity of Root–Knot Nematodes on Carrot. Journal of Plant Pathology 33(1): 66–74. https://doi.org/10.5423/PPJ.OA.07.2016.0155
Kitagami Y, Kanzaki N, Matsuda Y (2017) Distribution and community structure of soil nematodes in coastal Japanese pine forests were shaped by harsh environmental conditions. Applied Soil Ecology 119: 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2017.05.030
Kumar K, Ahmad I (2017) Community Structure of Soil Inhabiting Nematodes in Natural Forests of High Altitudes of Uttarakhand, India. Indian Journal of Nematology 47(1): 100–158.
Lamondia J, Timper P (2016) Interactions of microfungi and plant–parasitic nematodes. Biology of Microfungi. Springer International Publishing; Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany, 573–614. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29137-6_23
Liu J, Zhao W, He H, Kou Y, Liu Q (2022) Variations in the community patterns of soil nematodes at different soil depths across successional stages of subalpine forests. Ecological Indicators 136(7350): 108624. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2022.108624
Lü Y, Chen X, Xue WF, Zhang WD (2020) Short-term Effects of Cadmium and Mercury on Soil Nematode Communities in a Pot Experiment. Helminthologia 57(2): 145–153. https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2020-0015
Man de (1921) Nouvelles reserchessur les nematodes libresterricoles de la Hollande. Capital Zoology 1(1): 1–62.
Matveeva EM, Sushchuk AA, Kalinkina DS, Lavrova VV (2017) Communities of soil–dwelling nematodes at the initial stage of formation and during long–term functioning of an agrocenosis with a potato monoculture. Proceedings of the Karelian Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences 12: 96–107. https://doi.org/10.17076/eb687 [In Russian]
Mirzaev UN, Kuchboev AE, Mavlyanov O, Amirov OO, Narzullaev SB (2024) Morphological and molecular characterization of root-knot nematodes from Uzbekistan. Biosystems Diversity 32(1): 135–141. https://doi.org/10.15421/012413
Mirzalieva GR, Saidova ShO, Eshova KhS, Sadykova SA (2021) Fauna and dynamics of nematodes in the roots and rhizosphere of tomato in the conditions of greenhouses in Tashkent. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry (TOJQI) 12(4): 65–71.
Mulder Ch, De Zwart D, Van Wijnen HJ, Schouten AJ, Breure AM (2003) Observational and simulated evidence of ecological shifts within the soil nematode community of agro-ecosystems under conventional and organic farming. Functional Ecology 17: 516–525. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365–2435.2003.00755.x
Narzullayev S, Kambarov S, Mirzaev U, Tursunova Sh (2023) Diversity of woody plant nematodes in specially protected biocenosis of Zarafshan Mountain, Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 24(6): 3145–3151. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d240607
Narzullayev SB (2022) New data on the vertical distribution of nematode communities in mountain ecosystems of Mount Zarafshan, Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 23 (8): 3967–3975. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230814
Nomozov KhQ, Turdimetov ShM (2016) Soils of Uzbekistan and their evolution. Textbook. "Science and technology", Tashkent, 256 pp. [In Uzbek]
Obed A, Charles KK, Haddish M, Thomas AG (2017) Nematode distribution in cultivated and undisturbed soils of Guinea Savannah and Semi–deciduous Forest zones of Ghana. Geoscience Frontiers 10: 381–387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gsf.2017.07.010
Pan F, Han X, Li N, Yan J, Xu Y (2020) Effect of organic amendment amount on soil nematode community structure and metabolic footprints in soybean phase of a soybeanmaize rotation on Mollisols. Pedosphere 30(4): 544–554. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0160(17)60432-6
Patrícia ÂB, Elvira RP, Mércia SOC, Mario MR (2017) Relationship between soil organic matter and nematodes in sugarcane fields. Ciências Agrárias, Londrina 38 (2): 551–560. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679–0359.2017v38n2p551
Puissant J, Villenave C, Chauvin C, Plassard C, Blanchart E, Trap J (2021) Quantification of the global impact of agricultural practices on soil nematodes: A meta–analysis. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 161: 108383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2021.108383
Rakhimov MR (2023) Check list of hover flies (Diptera, Syrphidae) of west part of Zarafshan mountain ridge. Acta Biologica Sibirica 9: 167–193. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.7835400
Rawhat UN, Aadil YT, Nazia K, Kaisar AA, Shaheen MW, Saud AA, Mohammed NA, Leonard W, Ali ASh (2021) Influence of ecological and edaphic factors on biodiversity of soil nematodes. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28(5): 3049–3059. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.02.046
Romantsov PV, Rakhimov M (2024) New Data on the Leaf Beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) of Middle Asia. Entomological Review 103(6): 639–646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/S0013873823060052
Saidova Sh, Eshova Kh, Mirzaliyeva G, Sadikova S (2020) Distribution of root–knot nematodes on agricultural plants, harm and their host plants. Bulletin of National University of Uzbekistan: Mathematics and Natural Sciences 3(3): 375–383. https://doi.org/10.56017/2181–1318.1116
Sohlenius B, Wasilewska L (1984) Influence of irrigation and fertilization on the nematode community in a Swedish pine forest soil. Journal of Applied Ecology 21: 327– 342.
Sun F, Ou Q, Yu H, Li NA, Peng C (2019) The invasive plant Mikania micrantha affects the soil foodweb and plant–soil nutrient contents in orchards. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 139: 107630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2019.107630
Thomas SH (1978) Population densities of nematodes under seven tillage regimes. Journal of Nematology 10: 24–27.
Van Bezoijen J (2006) Methods and techniques for nematology. Revised version. Wageningen University, Wageningen, 118 pp.
Wheeler L, Crow W (2020) Foliar Nematode Aphelenchoides spp. (Nematoda: Aphelenchida: Aphelenchoididae). EDIS 3: EENY749/IN1279. https://doi.org/10.32473/edisin1279-2020
Yetaes GW (1987) How plants affect nematodes. Advances in Ecological Research 17: 61– 113. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065–2504(08)60244–5
Yeates GW, Bongers T, De Goede RG, Freckman DW, Georgieva SS (1993) Feeding habits in soil nematode in families and genera – An outline for soil ecologists. Journal of Nematology 25(3): 315–331.
Zhao D, Wang Y, Wen L, Qu H, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Jia Y, Wang J, Feng Y, Li Y, Yang F, Pan F (2022) Response of Soil Nematode Community Structure and Function to Monocultures of Pumpkin and Melon. Life 12(1): 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/life12010102
Yi C, Baoyu T, Shenghua Sh, Chaojun L, Keqin Zh (2015) Associated bacteria of different life stages of Meloidogyne incognita using pyrosequencing–based analysis. Journal of Basic Microbiology 55(8): 950–960. https://doi.org/10.1002/jobm.201400816
Zhang Y, Li S, Li H, Wang R, Zhang KQ, Xu J (2020) Fungi-Nematode Interactions: Diversity, Ecology, and Biocontrol Prospects in Agriculture. Journal of Fungi 6(4): 206. https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6040206
Zheng GD, Shi LB, Wu HY, Peng DL (2012) Nematode communities in continuous tomato-cropping field soil infested by root–knot nematodes. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica Section B – Soil and Plant Science 62: 216–223.
Acta Biologica Sibirica is a golden publisher, as we allow self-archiving, but most importantly we are fully transparent about your rights.
Authors may present and discuss their findings ahead of publication: at biological or scientific conferences, on preprint servers, in public databases, and in blogs, wikis, tweets, and other informal communication channels.
ABS allows authors to deposit manuscripts (currently under review or those for intended submission to ABS) in non-commercial, pre-print servers such as ArXiv.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).