МЕГАЛИТИЧЕСКИЕ КОМПЛЕКСЫ ТРОПИЧЕСКОЙ ЧАСТИ ТИХООКЕАНСКОГО БАССЕЙНА: ИНДОНЕЗИЯ
Abstract
Мегалиты и мегалитические комплексы зафиксированы практически во всех странах Юго-Восточной Азии как в континентальной, так и в островной частях, включая территорию Индонезии. Первые сведения о мегалитах и их описания появляются еще в период «колониальной археологии» (2-я половина XIX – середина XX в.) в публикациях европейских (в первую очередь голландских) и североамериканских ученых, миссионеров и представителей колониальной администрации (А. Стейнмец, А. Крюйт, В. Каудерн, Я. ван дер Хууп, У. Перри и др.). Интересным примером разнообразия конструкций и полифункционального назначения мегалитических сооружений являются памятники в провинции Западная Ява (остров Ява): ярусный комплекс Гунунг-Паданг, ступенчатая пирамида Панггуянган и комплекс с менгирами Тугу-Геде, время сооружения которых определяется в широком диапазоне от финала неолита (2500 л.н.) до средневековья (VII–XVI вв. н.э.). Анализ мегалитических памятников на территории Индонезии позволяет не только проследить их региональные особенности, но и добавить новые аспекты в общую дискуссию о проявлении мегалитизма и монументальности в древних обществах.
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