MODEL OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE INDUSTRIES OF EARLY STAGES OF THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC IN NORTHERN MONGOLIA: ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF NEW EXCAVATIONS OF THE TOLBOR-4 SITE
Keywords:
Northern Mongolia, Tolbor-4 site, initial and early Upper Paleolithic, stone technology, models of technological development
Abstract
In 2017, after a long break, new excavations of the Tolbor-4 site in Northern Mongolia were carried out. As a result, a new stratigraphic section was obtained and the cultural sequence of cultural complexes was revealed. It was determined that the materials of the early Upper Paleolithic industries show a sequential evolution from the archaeological horizons 5b and 5a of the initial Upper Paleolithic, through the horizon of the Early Upper Paleolithic 4c / 5 to the final Early Upper Paleolithic / Middle Upper Paleolithic, horizon 4b. Here, there is a shift from the bipartite subprismatic splitting technology, typical of NVP, to get large and medium plates in the lower cultural stratigraphic unit of the archaeological horizon of the initial Upper Paleolithic 5b to small-plate unidirectional splitting of the final stage of the early Upper Paleolithic of horizon 4b. Based on a more detailed stratigraphic separation of the sediment thickness, the gradual formation of technological traditions of the early stages of the Upper Paleolithic of Northern Mongolia became clear.
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References
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Derevianko A.P., Rybin E.P., Gladyshev S.A., Cybankov A.A., Gunchinsurjen B., Olsen D. Razvitie tehnologicheskih tradicij izgotovlenija orudij v kamennyh industrijah rannego jetapa verhnego paleolita Severnoj Mongolii (po materialam stojanok Tolbor-4 i Tolbor-15) [Developments of Technological Traditions of Lithic Tool Manufacture in the Lithic Industries of the Early Upper Paleolithic in Northern Mongolia (on the materials from the sites of Tolbor-4 and -15)]. Arheologija, jetnografija i antropologija Evrazii [Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia]. 2013. №4. Pp. 21–37.
Derevianko A.P., Markin S.V., Gladyshev S.A., Olsen D. Rannij jetap verhnego paleolita Gobijskogo Altaja (po materialam stojanki Chikhen-2 [Early Upper Paleolithic of Gobi-Altai (on the materials from Chkhen-2 site)]. Arheologija, jetnografija i antropologija Evrazii [Archaeology, Ethnography and Anthropology of Eurasia]. 2015. №3. Pp. 17–41.
Konstantinov M.V. Kamennyj vek vostochnogo regiona Bajkal’skoj Azii [Stone Age of Baikal Asia]. Ulan-Ude ; Chita : Izd-vo BNC SO RAN, Izd-vo Chitinskogo gos. ped. in-ta, 1994. 180 p.
Lbova L.V. Paleolit severnoj zony Zapadnogo Zabajkal’ja [Paleolithic of the Northern Zone of Western Transbaikalia]. Ulan-Ude : Izd-vo BNC SO RAN, 2000. 240 p.
Problemy paleojekologii, geologii i arheologii paleolita Altaja [Problems of Paleoecology, Geology and Archaeology of Altai Paleolithic] / A.P. Derevianko, S.V. Glinskij, M.I. Dergacheva, M.V. Shun’kov i dr. Novosibirsk : Izd-vo In-ta arheologii i jetnografii SO RAN, 1998. 312 p.
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Tashak V.I. Hronologija rannego jetapa verhnego paleolita zapadnogo Zabajkal’ja (po materialam Podzvonkoj) [Chronology of Early Upper Paleolithic of Western Transbaikalia (on the materials from Podzvonkaja Site)]. Rossijskij arheologicheskij ezhegodnik [Russian Archaeological Annual]. 2011. №1. Pp. 100–110.
Ginter, B., Kozlowski J.K., Laville H., Sirakov N., Hedges R.E.M. Transition in the Balkans: News from the Temnata Cave, Bulgaria. The Last Neanderthals – The First Anatomically Modern Humans. Cultural Change and Human Evolution: The Crisis at 40 ka BP. Tarragona : Univ. Rovira i Virgili, 1998. P. 170–200.
Kadowaki S, Tamura T., Sano K., Kurozumi T., Maher L., Wakano J.U., Omori T., Kida R., Hirose M., Massadeh S., Henry D.O. Lithic Technology, Chronology, and Marine Shells from Wadi Aghar, Southern Jordan, and Initial Upper Paleolithic Behaviors in the Southern Inland Levant. Journal of Human Evolution. 2019. Vol. 135 In Print. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2019.102646.
Kuhn S.L., Stiner M.C., Güleç E., Özer I., Yılmaz H., Baykara I., Açıkkol A., Goldberg P., Martínez-Molina K., Űnay E., Suata-Alpaslan F. The Early Upper Paleolithic Occupations at Űçağızlı Cave (Hatay, Turkey). Journal of Human Evolution. 2009. Vol. 56. Pp. 87–113.
Kuhn S.L., Zwyns N. Rethinking the Initial Upper Paleolithic // Quaternary International. 2014. Vol. 347. P. 29–38.
Li F., Kuhn S.L., Bar-Yosef O., Chen F., Peng F., Gao X. History, Chronology and Techno‑Typology of the Upper Paleolithic Sequence in the Shuidonggou Area, Northern China. Journal of World Prehistory. 2019. Vol. 32. P. 111–141.
Marks A.E., Ferring C.R. The Early Upper Palaeolithic of the Levant. The Early Upper Palaeolithic: Evidence from Europe and the Near East, British Archaeological Reports International Series 437. Oxford, 1988. P. 43–72.
Richter D., Tostevin G., Škrdla P., Davies W. New Radiometric Ages for the Early Upper Palaeolithic Type Locality of Brno-Bohunice (Czech Republic): Comparison of TL, OSL, IRSL and 14C Dating Results. Journal of Archaeological Science. 2009. Vol. 36. Pp. 708–720.
Rybin E.P. Tools, Beads, and Migrations: Specific Cultural Traits in the Initial Upper Paleolithic of Southern Siberia and Central Asia. Quaternary International. 2014. Vol. 347. Pp. 39–52.
Škrdla P. Bohunician Technology: The Refitting Approach Stránská skála. Origins of the Upper Paleolithic in the Brno Basin, Moravia, Czech Republic. American School of Prehistoric Research Bulletin 47, Dolní Věstonice Studies10. Cambridge : Peabody Museum Publications Harvard University, 2003. Pp. 119–151.
Published
2019-12-26
How to Cite
Rybin E., Khatsenovich A., Marchenko D. MODEL OF TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE INDUSTRIES OF EARLY STAGES OF THE UPPER PALEOLITHIC IN NORTHERN MONGOLIA: ACCORDING TO THE RESULTS OF NEW EXCAVATIONS OF THE TOLBOR-4 SITE // THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 2019. Vol. 28, № 4. P. 164-179 DOI: 10.14258/tpai(2019)4(28).-12. URL: http://journal.asu.ru/tpai/article/view/%2828%29.-12.
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