THE COMPLEX OF ARMS OF THE TIEN SHAN NOMADS IN THE MONGOL EPOCH (a case study of archaeological materials)
Abstract
The paper, on the basis of material evidence from burials and random finds with account of pictorial sources, characterizes the complex of arms of the Tien Shan nomads in the Mongol Epoch and gives the reconstruction of the figures of light-armed warrior. The scantiness of the arms in the burials of the region is noted. The description is given to their composition and the conditions of their locations in the burials. The conclusion is made that the main part of the nomadic army of the Tien Shan people in the Mongol Epoch consisted of light-armed horse troops armed with bows and arrows, knifes, daggers. There were used three types of composite bows with armor-piercing, cross functional arrowheads and arrowheads against unarmored enemies. The last ones with flat cross-sections were in widespread use. The bulk of the soldiers could be armed with sabers, maces and battle-axes. Judging by pictorial sources and findings of the sword-belt’s metallic parts complexes, the saber served as a principal close combat weapon. The nomadic warriors in the region used different kinds of defensive weapon such as lamellar armor, chain mail and armors made of soft materials (felt, leather etc.). It is assumed, that owing to availability of the materials, armors from soft materials were more widespread than armors made of metal. The most practical effect of the research is the graphic reconstruction of the light-armed warrior.
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