THE INTERPRETATION OF THE BONE "SKATES" FROM THE SARAICHIK SETTLEMENT
Abstract
This article explores the interpretation of bone “skates” discovered during archaeological excavations in the medieval city of Saraichik, located in the Atyrau region of Kazakhstan. The author examines bone artifacts, believed to have been used as runners for vehicles, and analyzes their morphological and traceological characteristics. The study is based on materials collected in 2023 and employs traceological methods. The results reveal that some objects exhibit significant wear on one side, suggesting they were used as runners, while others show traces of fish oil absorption, possibly indicating their use in fishing. The article also explores various hypotheses regarding the functional purpose of these artifacts, including their similarity to bone sinkers used by Hungarian fishermen. This research makes an important contribution to understanding the material culture and technology of the medieval city of Saraichik.
Downloads
References
Arzyutov N. K. Excavation Report from 1937 at the Site of the Ruins of the Golden Horde City of Saraichik. Izv. Akad. nauk KazSSR. Ser.: arheologiуа = Proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the Kazakh SSR. Ser.: Archaeology. 1949 (cover: 1950);67(2):126–131. (In Russ.)
Borodovskii A. P. Ancient Bone Carving of the Southern Part of Western Siberia. Novosibirsk: Izd-vo In-ta arheologii i etnografii SO RAN, 1997. 224 p. (In Russ.)
Valiev R. R., Zeleneev Yu. A., Pigarev E. M., Sitdikov A. G. The Selitrennoe Settlement: Research Materials from 2006, 2007, and 2009 (Bank of the Akhtuba River). Yoshkar-Ola: Mari State University, 2019. 424 p. (Materials and Research on the Archaeology of the Volga Region; Issue 12). (In Russ.)
Valkov I. A., Fedoruk A. S. On the Functional Purpose of Bone Skates. In: Preservation and Study of the Cultural Heritage of the Altai Territory. Issue XXIII. Barnaul: Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2017. Pp. 60–64. (In Russ.)
Glushko M. Draft Sled Transport of the Population of Ukraine in the Eneolithic Period: Reconstruction of the Running Gear and the Body. Visn. In-tu Arheolоgii = Bulletin of the Institute of Archaeology. 2007;2:55–73. (In Ukr.)
Zinko A. V. Fishing Industry in the Cimmerian Bosporus. Bosporskie issledovaniya = Bosporus Studies. 2023;46:92–115. (In Russ.)
Kadzaeva Z. P., Malashev V. Yu. Bone Skates from a Burial of the Early Stage of the Alanic Culture in the North Caucasus. Nizhnevolzhskij arheologicheskij vestnik = Lower Volga Archaeological Bulletin. 2024;23(2):59–93. (In Russ.)
Karutz R. Among the Kirghiz and Turkmens on Mangyshlak. St. Petersburg: Izdanie A. F. Devriena, 1903. 188 p. (In Russ.)
Kosintseva A. P. Bone Skates of the Early Middle Ages (Reconstruction Attempt). In: Seventh Berson Readings. Yekaterinburg: Kvadrat, 2016. Pp. 194–200. (In Russ.)
Levina L. M. Ethnocultural History of the Eastern Aral Sea Region. 1st Millennium BC – 1st Millennium AD. Moscow: Vostochnaja literatura, 1996. 396 p. (In Russ.)
Loshakova T. N., Sirazheva B. A. Saraychik (Sarayshyk, Sarayzhuk). In: Sacred Geography of Kazakhstan: Register of Objects of Nature, Archaeology, Ethnography, and Cult Architecture. Almaty: Institut arheologii im. A. H. Margulana, 2017. Issue 1. P. 203. (In Russ.)
Oleynikov O. M. Bone Skates in Medieval Novgorod (Based on the Archaeological Research of the Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 2008–2019). Rossijskaya arheologiya = Russian Archaeology. 2021;4:102–118. DOI: http://dx.doi.org / 10.31857 / S086960630013891–9 (In Russ.)
Pankovsky V. B. The Skeleton Material Industry of the Lower Layer of Mikhailovka. In: Dereivskaya Culture and the Monuments of the Lower Mikhaylovsky Type / Edited by N. S. Kotova. Kyiv; Kharkiv: Maidan, 2013. Pp. 449–483. (In Russ.)
Russian Ethnographic Museum. Collectors. Zolotarev David Alekseevich. Available from:
https://www.ethnomuseum.ru / collections / collectors / zolotarev-david-alekseevich / (accessed:
04.2025). (In Russ.)
Semenov S. A. On the Purpose of “Skates” and Bones with Incisions from Sarkel — Belaya Vezha. In: Trudy Volgo-Don Archaeological Expedition. Vol. II. Moscow; Leningrad: Izd-vo AN SSSR, 1959. Pp. 353–361 (Materials and Studies on Archaeology of the USSR; No. 75). (In Russ.)
Tasmagambetov I., Samashev Z. Saraichik. Almaty: Of “Berel”, 2001. 320 p. (In Russ.)
Choyke A. M., Bartosiewicz L. Skating with Horses: Continuity and Parallelism in Prehistoric Hungary. Rev Paleobiol. 2005;25(10):317–326.
Herman O. A magyar halaszat konyve. I. kot. Bp, 1887 K. M. Termeszettudomanyi Tarsulat, XV + 552 p. +12 t. URL: https://mek.oszk.hu / 03100 / 03104 / html /
Kuchelmann H. C., Zidarov P. Let's Skate together! Skating on Bones in the Past and Today. In: Luik H., Choyke A. M., Batey C., Lougas L., editors. From Hooves to Horns, from Mollusc to Mammoth — Manufacture and Use of Bone Artefacts from Prehistoric Times to the Present. Tallinn: Muinasaja teadus; 2005. P. 425–445.
Kunkovacs L. Dragnets, Fishtraps and Sinkers. Budapest: Balassi Kiado; 2001. 100 p. (In Hung.)
Michalczewski K., Borodovskiy A. P., Oleszczak Ł. The Bone Sumak for Infant Care, an Invention from Southern Siberian Nomadism or Contact with the Hunnic Tribes? In: Contact, Circulation, Exchange. Trnava: University of Trnava. 2023. P. 98–114.
Revesz L., Siklodi C., Hidan C., Benko M. Between East and West: Everyday Life in the Hungarian Conquest Period / Uber die Grenze zwischen Ost und West: Ungarn im 9.–11. Jahrhundert. Budapest: Promptus; 1996. 100 p. (In Eng. and Ger.)
Copyright (c) 2025 Б.А. Сиражева

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research is a golden publisher, as we allow self-archiving, but most importantly we are fully transparent about your rights.
Authors may present and discuss their findings ahead of publication: at biological or scientific conferences, on preprint servers, in public databases, and in blogs, wikis, tweets, and other informal communication channels.
Theory and Practice of Archaeological Research allows authors to deposit manuscripts (currently under review or those for intended submission to ABS) in non-commercial, pre-print servers such as ArXiv.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0) that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).



2.jpg)






