ARCHAEOZOOLOGICAL MATERIALS OF THE PODYMALOVO-I SETTLEMENT IN THE BASHKIR CIS-URALS REGION ACCORDING TO THE EXCAVATIONS OF 2017
Abstract
In 2017, the first archaeological excavations were conducted on an area of 100 square meters at one of the largest Golden Horde settlements in the Bashkir Cis-Urals, Podymalovo-I. The excavations uncovered individual artifacts from the 13th‑14th centuries, and detailed documentation of osteological material was carried out to identify areas of concentration and determine the stratigraphic characteristics of bone deposits. The osteological collection at the Podymalovo-I site includes 2657 animal bone specimens and human bone fragment. They originate from the filling of the cultural layer and the filling of three pits and a hearth (Complexes 1–4). The inhabitants of the Podymalovo-I settlement raised cattle, horses, sheep, and goats, the use of which in household was multi-purposeful. Hunting and fishing played a subordinate role. The osteological material identified at the site was classified into three categories: kitchen waste, bones from production complexes, and commensal bones. The presence of bones of newborn animals suggests keeping and breeding animals locally. It is likely that the economic use of all types of domestic ungulates included the production of meat and live products (milk, wool), while the horse could also be used as a working force. The presence of cattle and horse bones of the first six months of life in the collection points out the season of their slaughter—late summer and autumn. The presence of individual bone artifacts, as well as tools for their processing, indicates local bone carving production.
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