МЕТОДОЛОГИЯ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ ОРУДИЙ КАМЕННОГО ВЕКА

В.Г. Котов

doi:10.14258/tpai(2025)37(4).-01

В.Г. Котов Уфимский федеральный исследовательский центр РАН; Историко-культурный музей-заповедник «Пещера Шульган-Таш» Email: kslav1@yandex.ru

https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2025)37(4).-01

Ключевые слова: орудие труда, методология, системный подход, технико-морфологический анализ, функциональный анализ

Аннотация

Методология изучения каменных орудий заключается в философском анализе роли орудия труда в структуре человеческой деятельности. Потребность в свойствах орудия труда детерминируется его использованием, через которое оцениваются все этапы производства этого инструмента. Данная оценка формирует новую потребность уже производственного характера, которая становится источником дальнейшей деятельности уже как некий внутренний образ — «идея орудия». На основе представлений о системности орудийной деятельности и самого орудия труда как системного явления изучение (палеолитических) орудий по возможности должно осуществляться в направлении постижения смысловых установок их производства и употребления («идеи орудия»). Для лучшего понимания этих процессов технико-морфологический анализ орудий необходимо сопровождать трасологическим анализом артефактов, а также экспериментами по моделированию процессов изготовления этих предметов и их использованию по конкретным материалам. В ходе изучения индустрий первичная классификация должна учитывать типы орудий из тип-листа Ф. Борда, а конкретное описание орудий должно быть направлено на выделение рабочих элементов и установление их взаимосвязи с аккомодационными участками.

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Биография автора

В.Г. Котов, Уфимский федеральный исследовательский центр РАН; Историко-культурный музей-заповедник «Пещера Шульган-Таш»

доктор исторических наук, ведущий научный сотрудник Института истории, языка и литературы Уфимского федерального исследовательского центра Российской академии наук; научный сотрудник Историко-культурного музея-заповедника «Пещера Шульган-Таш»

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