Sphaeritidae (Coleoptera, Histeroidea) – a new beetle family to the fauna of Kazakhstan

Аннотация

False clown beetle Sphaerites glabratus (Fabricius, 1792) is firstly recorded from Kazakhstan. The records of the beetles from family Sphaeritidae were absent for Kazakhstan. The spider Philodromus poecilus (Thorell, 1872) is cited for the first time as a natural enemy of this species.

Acta Biologica Sibirica 10: 611–618 (2024) doi: 10.5281/zenodo.12279425

Corresponding author: Izbasar I. Temreshev (temreshev76@mail.ru)

Academic editor: R. Yakovlev | Received 5 May 2024 | Accepted 25 May 2024 | Published 24 June 2024

http://zoobank.org/B1FC4C69-E6D8-4DCF-988A-5F5A46FEDEEF

Citation: Temreshev II (2024) Sphaeritidae (Coleoptera, Histeroidea) – a new beetle family to the fauna of Kazakhstan. Acta Biologica Sibirica 10: 611–618. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12279425

Keywords

Sphaerites glabratus, false clown beetles, new records, Central Kazakhstan

Introduction

False clown beetles (Sphaeritidae) include only one genus Sphaerites Duftschmidt, 1805 and seven species in the world fauna (Beutel et al 2016; Ryndevich and Lundyshev 2017). Almost all species distributed in the Palaearctic Region, except Sphaerites politus Mannerheim, 1846 in the Nearctic Region (Gusakov 2004; Háva 2014; Löbl 2015; Newton 2016; Gusakov 2017; Ryndevich and Lundyshev 2017). They are small, 4.5-7 mm, with oval bodies, black but with a slight bluish-green sheen. The Sphaeritidae commonly arefound in association with rotting fungi (Beutel et al 2016; Newton 2016). Beetles of this family may also be found by dung, carrions, fermenting fruit or in association with sap of dying trees (Lackner 2015; Mazur 1973; Wu & Sun 2012; Newton 2016; Pražák 2021).

Sphaerites glabratus (Fabricius, 1792) is recorded in woodland among rotting wood, fermenting sap and from tree mushrooms Fomitopsis spp. and another species of fungi on birch (Betula spp.) or maple (Acer spp.). In addition, the beetle was found in rotting mushrooms, dung, on human and wild animal excrement, carrion, dead snails and in caves (Kryzhanovsky and Reichardt 1976; Kryzhanovsky 1989; Lackner 2010; Borowski and Mazur 2015; Mlejnek et al 2015; Newton 2016). There are suggestions that it mainly consumes dipteran larvae (Newton 2016; Rose and Megrat 2017). Adults are found from April to August, have been recorded in flight during hot weather. Eggs laid in sap-soaked nearby soil trees with fungi. The larvae have a short generation span, developing into adults within a month. Pupation occurs in soil. First larval instar of S. glabratus has been described. There is almost no information about his other life characteristics (Nikitsky 1976; Hansen 1997; Newton and Spangler 1991; Lackner 2010; Newton 2016). This beetle is a very local and generally rare species and is considered to be threatened in some countries (British Red Data Books: 2. Insects 1987; Russia Red List 2008; Lane 2017; Ruchin and Khapugin 2019).

Materials and methods

The material was collected by manual method from 2023 in Central Kazakhstan, Ulytau Oblast. Standard techniques (Fasulati 1971) used in entomology were used during the collection of the material. The following sources (Jacobson 1905–1915; Kryzhanovsky and Reichardt 1976; Nikitsky 1976; Kryzhanovsky 1989; Hansen 1997; Newton and Spangler 1991; Gusakov 2004; Lackner 2010; Háva 2014; Borowski and Mazur 2015; Löbl 2015; Mlejnek et al 2015; Newton 2016; Gusakov 2017; Rose and Megrat 2017; Ryndevich and Lundyshev 2017) were used for species determination of the beetles, clarification of their taxonomic position, biology and the distribution. Studied specimens are kept in the private collection of I.I. Temreshev (Almaty, Kazakhstan).

Photographs of S. glabratus were taken with a camera Canon EOS 50 D by author (Fig. 1). Photographs of the mushrooms and habitat of S. glabratus were taken with a camera Redmi 7 by author (Fig. 2). Descriptions and body measuring were performed using a Micromed MC var 1-C dissecting stereomicroscope and Digital microscope G 1200.

The mushrooms that the material was collected were determined using the materials from the site "Mushrooms of Kazakhstan" ("Mushroom classification", n.d.).

The spiders that the material was collected were determined using the following sources (Azheganova 1968).

Result

Superfamily Histeroidea Gyllenhal, 1808

Family Sphaeritidae Shuckard, 1839

Genus Sphaerites Duftschmidt, 1805

Sphaerites glabratus (Fabricius, 1792)

Figure 1

Material examined. 2 ex. – 25.08.2023, Central Kazakhstan, Ulytau Oblast, Ulytau District, neighborhoods Korgasyn village, N 49°14'4.02" E 66°39'23.48", birch grove, dead in Red-Banded Polypore (Fomitopsis pinicola (Sw.) P. Karst.) on the trunk of European white birch Betula pendula Roth., I.I. Temreshev; 1 ex. – 15.05.2024, Central Kazakhstan, Ulytau Oblast, Ulytau District, neighborhoods Ulytau village, N 48°38'47.27" E 66°59'32.04", mixed aspen-birch grove, under the bark of European white birch B. pendula, dead in the remains of spider Philodromus poecilus (Thorell, 1872) prey, I.I. Temreshev (Fig. 2).

Figure 1.Sphaerites glabratus, habitus. Central Kazakhstan.

Remarks. Sphaerites glabratus is distributed in Europe (Austria, Belgium, Belarus, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Italy, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxemburg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine), and Asia (China, Far East, Japan, Mongolia, Siberia) (Jacobson 1905- 1915; Kryzhanovsky and Reichardt 1976; Kryzhanovsky 1989; Gusakov 2004; Lackner 2010; Háva 2014; Löbl 2015; Newton 2016; Gusakov 2017; Rose and Megrat 2017; Ryndevich and Lundyshev 2017) (Fig. 3). The records of S. glabratus and species from family Sphaeritidae were absent for Kazakhstan (Löbl 2015).

Note. The spider Philodromus poecilus (Thorell, 1872) is cited for the first time as a natural enemy of this species. The species was found along with pleasing fungus beetles (Erotylidae) – Dacne bipustulata (Thunberg, 1781), Triplax russica (Linnaeus, 1758), hairy fungus beetles (Mycetophagidae) – Mycetophagus multipunctatus Fabricius, 1792, and weevil Dryophthorus corticalis (Paykull, 1792) (Curculionidae) for which is also a new distribution records in Kazakhstan (Temreshev 2019; 2022; 2023; 2024a,b).

Figure 2.Habitat of Sphaerites glabratus: European white birch grove, neighborhoods Korgasyn village (A), mixed aspen-birch grove, neighborhoods Ulytau village (B), mushroom Red-Banded Polypore Fomitopsis pinicola on the trunk of European white birch Betula pendula (C) and spider Philodromus poecilus with remains of prey under the bark of dead European white birch B. pendula (D). Central Kazakhstan.

Figure 3.Distribution of Sphaerites glabratus. New record in Kazakhstan is indicated as red circle. Known ones indicated as black circles.

Discussion

One species of false clown beetles (Sphaeritidae) Sphaerites glabratus is recorded for Kazakhstan. Previously, representatives of this family were not found in country. Since the species was discovered in Central Kazakhstan, it can be assumed that in the future it will be found in the west, north and east of the country. These regions of the country border with the regions of the Russian Federation in which the S. glabratus was recorded.

Acknowledgement

The work was carried out within the framework of the project "Comprehensive assessment of the state of the environment and health of the population of the cities of Zhezkazgan, Satpayev and Ulytau district of the Ulytau region with the formation of an environmental electronic geographic information system".

Author thanks to Azamat Beysaly (Ulytau, Kazakhstan) for help in organizing the expedition in neighborhoods Korgasyn village and anonymous reviewers the valuable comments that improved the manuscript.

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