Ключевые слова
экологические факторы
экологическая ниша
нейтральное разнообразие
экологические группы
Как цитировать
Аннотация
В работе установлена роль эдафических и растительных факторов, а также пространственных переменных в структурировании сообщества почвенной макрофауны лесного биогеоценоза на арене р. Днепр в пределах природного заповедника «Днепровско-Орельский» (Украина). В почве исследуемого полигона было при ручной разборке проб обнаружено 44 вида почвенных животных. Плотность почвенной макрофауны изученного полигона составляет 321,5±43,2 экз./м2. Показано, что сообщество почвенной макрофауны структурировано под воздействием эдафических, растительных и пространственных факторов. Роль этих факторов различна на детальномасштабном, среднемасштабном и широкомасштабном пространственных уровнях. Варьирование структуры сообщества под влиянием эдафических и растительных факторов можно отнести к категориидетерминистского воздействия, которое осуществляется в рамках теории экологической ниши. Пространственную компоненту варьирования можно отнести к результатам действия факторов нейтральной природы. Однако следует отметить, что пространственное варьирование растительного сообщества также подчиняется действию детерминистских и нейтральных факторов. Это проявляет себя в пространственной структурированности растительных факторов. Аналогичную природу имеет и пространственное варьирование почвенных свойств. Почва как среда обитание испытывает структурирующее влияние растительного покрова, откуда возникают пространственные паттерны почвенных свойств. Масштабные эффекты варьирования в пространстве проявляют себя по-разному для представителей различных экологических групп макрофауны. Для подстилочных форм в наибольшей степени характерны пространственные паттерны на крупно- и среднемасштабном уровне, а для собственно почвенных форм и норников – на детальномасштабном уровне.
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