CHOICE OF THE OPTIMAL EXTRACTANT AND CONDITIONS FOR THE ANALYSIS OF PHENOLIC COM-POUNDS FROM EUROPEAN OLIVE LEAVES (OLEA EUROPAEA L.)
UDC 615.322+ 542.61.[54.061+543.544+64.062+ 543.421/.424]
Abstract
The leaves of the European olive (Olea europaea L.) are characterized by a high content of bioactive polyphenol derivatives that have antioxidant, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, hypotensive, antitumor effects. The aim of the work is to select the optimal extractant and conditions for the analysis of phenolic compounds from European olive leaves. A comparative analysis of the seven obtained extracts was carried out by spectrophotometry and thin layer chromatography (TLC). The UV spectra of solutions of the compared extracts show an absorption maximum at 280±2 nm, which can be associated with the absorption of a complex of phenolcarboxylic acid derivatives, including oleuropein. The maximum at 328±2 nm characterizes the presence of hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives in extracts; in an aqueous extract, it has a short-wavelength shift of 320±2 nm. The presence of the main biologically active compound of the European olive, oleuropein, was found in all extracts by TLC using four mobile phases, and the presence of 2 to 5 polyphenolic compounds was additionally detected. The maximum total content of phenolcarboxylic acids in terms of gallic acid – 2.93% was established for the extract obtained using 40% ethyl alcohol. The highest total content of hydroxycinnamic acids in terms of chlorogenic acid (2.35%) was also extracted with a 40% ethyl alcohol solution. Based on the results of the experiment, it was concluded that for the extraction of the total polyphenols from the leaves of the European olive, it is preferable to use a solution of ethyl alcohol 40%, for oleuropein - water. TLC techniques and spectrophotometric method allow to control the process of extraction of the amount of bioactive compounds from European olive leaves.
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