SECONDARY PLANT METABOLITES ACHILLEA MILLEFOLIUM AND GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L. AND THEIR BIOLOGICAL EFFECTIVENESS AGAINST THE RED SPIDER MITE
Abstract
The biological activity of secondary metabolites with respect to pest insects is a poorly studied field of scientific research and opens wide possibilities for revealing many aspects of the theoretical and practical plan.
The aim of the work is to create a plant protection product against the effects of a red spider mite of complex action on the basis of secondary metabolites of yarrow Achillea millefolium (Asteraceae) and cotton Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae).
The chemical composition of the aerial part of the A. millefolium plant collected in the foothill areas of the Tashkent region of the Republic of Uzbekistan was studied. A high yield of eucalyptol (1,8-cineol) – 37.71% of the amount of the extract was revealed by chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method of high-performance thin layer chromatography revealed that the main component of Uchkun's preparation was the sum of polyprenyl homologs with 10–12 isoprene units, the content of which reached 69.5%. Other components of the extract were phytosiosterol and tocopherols in an amount of 30.5%. A synergistic effect was established in the combination of monoterpenoids of the yarrow plant of ordinary and polyprenols of Uchkun. The composition becomes more effective, having both a toxic effect on the red spider mite and further improving the state of the photosynthetic apparatus in damaged leaves of cucumber plants. As a result of the work carried out, it is shown that with a degree of infection of plants within the range of 100–150 pieces per sheet, the developed composition can replace the treatment with a chemical protective agent – a drug based on abamectin – Vertimec.
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