THE STUDY OF THE PECULIARITIES OF THE COMPOSITION OF WOODY GREEN SPRUCE IN THE ARCTIC RE-GION OF EUROPEAN RUSSIA AND POSSIBILITIES OF ITS COMPLEX PROCESSING
Abstract
Spruce contains a huge variety of bioactive substances concentration and composition of which are determined by both species and climate factors. Particularities of biosynthesis of these compounds in conditions of cold climate and high level of bogginess are underexplored. For this reason the aim of the work is to investigate the particularities of composition of common spruce which vegetates on the subarctic territory of Russian Federation and to study if there is the possibility of its processing into saleable products. The main methods of spruce conversion are extraction and mechanic grinding of fresh and extracted spruce to procure feeding flour. In this work extraction was conducted with such methods as infusion, reflux with infusion in Soxhlet apparatus and reflux in Twisselman apparatus. Ethanol at a concentration 96% was used as extracting agent. It was identified that method of reflux allows us to get the ultimate yield of extractives, reflux with infusion in Soxhlet apparatus permits extraction with the lowest degradation of bioactive substances. The total yield of extractives, component context of extracts (water soluble substances, fats, pigments, flavonoids, sugars, ascorbic acid), microelements were determined. Coniferous paste is a product obtained on the basis of alcohol extracts, and is not inferior in quality to chlorophyll carotin paste. Feeding flour which was procured from extracted spruce has quite good digestibility and could be serviceable enough for feeding purposes.
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