DELIGNIFICATION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-WOOD BIOMASS
UDC 661.728.8:634.511:634.21
Abstract
The paper presents the of influence peroxide ammonium, alkali, nitric acid, organosolvent and "aqueous ammonia soaking" (AAS) delignification methods on the degree of removal of lignin from non-wood lignocellulosic waste walnut shell Juglans Regia L. and apricot seed Prunus Armeniaca L. It is shown that the maximum degree of delignification (94%) is achieved when processing raw materials with 42 wt% HNO3 and 20 wt% NaOH; the minimum is at peroxide-ammonia treatment (80%). We found that the greatest specific surface area (202 m2∙g-1) provided by the application 42 wt% HNO3, and a maximum iodine number (32 mg∙g-1) when using 25 wt% NH4OH. Delignification significantly increases the specific surface area (5 m2∙g-1 to 120–200 m2∙g-1) iodine number (6.35 mg∙g-1 to 25 to 32 mg∙g-1) of biomass, however, at 45–55% reduced exchange capacity of the material. The obtained cellulose intermediates having acceptable physical and chemical characteristics can be used for further preparation of available sorbents or ion exchange materials. In accordance with the principles of "green chemistry", it is proposed to dispose the spent delignification solutions from AAS and nitric acid methods in liquid nitrogen fertilizers producing.
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