АРХЕОЛОГИЯ ТАТАРСТАНА В НАУЧНЫХ ТРУДАХ Е.П. КАЗАКОВА. К 90-ЛЕТИЮ УЧЕНОГО

К.А. Руденко

doi:10.14258/tpai(2024)36(3).-15

К.А. Руденко Казанский государственный институт культуры Email: murziha@mail.ru

https://doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2024)36(3).-15

Ключевые слова: археология Среднего Поволжья, Е.П. Казаков, турбаслинско-именьковская общность, раннеболгарский период, угры, сарматы, Измерское селище, Танкеевский могильник, чияликская культура, постпетрогромская культура, миграции, черкаскульская культура

Аннотация

В статье обобщены материалы о научной деятельности старейшего археолога Татарстана — Евгения Петровича Казакова. Деятельность ученого чрезвычайно многогранна. Он изучал археологические памятники практически всех эпох: от каменного века и до XVIII–XIX вв. Евгений Петрович начал заниматься археологией в студенческие годы, принимая участие с 1959 г. в раскопках и разведочных исследованиях своих первых учителей — В.Ф. Генинга и А.Х. Халикова. Уже в начале 1960-х гг. он самостоятельно проводил раскопки на сложных археологических памятниках — Тураевских курганах V в. н.э., а также на Танкеевском могильнике IX–Х вв. В те же годы он работал на раннебулгарском Больше-Тарханском могильнике VIII–IX вв., а также многих других археологических памятниках. В студенческие годы сложились и основные направления научной деятельности Е.П. Казакова. Для ученого определяющим исследовательским направлением на несколько десятилетий стала тема прихода в Волго-Камье булгарских племен, их седентаризации и формирования оседлой, земледельческой культуры Волжской Булгарии. Главными памятниками для исследований этой проблемы стали Танкеевский могильник и чуть позже Измерское-I и Семеновские-I–IV селища. Эти селища, как установил Е.П. Казаков, с середины Х и до середины XI в. были торгово-ремесленными центрами булгар. Материалы этих поселений, которые Е.П. Казаков выделил в самостоятельный «измерский период», соединяли два археологических и исторических периода волжских булгар. Первый — раннеболгарский, догосударственный, языческий — был связан с кочевым характером быта и жизнедеятельности булгар-пришельцев. Второй период характеризуется государственной культурой Волжской Булгарии, в которой господствовала земледельческая традиция и основным погребальным обрядом стал мусульманский, вытеснивший языческие традиции в области похоронных ритуалов. В этой сложной картине этногенетических процессов Е.П. Казаков выявил значительное влияние угорского населения, которое было составляющей частью формирующегося населения Волжской Булгарии. Таким образом, благодаря исследованиям Е.П. Казакова, патриарха казанской археологии, сложилась единая концепция развития этнокультурных и этногенетических процессов в Волго-Камье с момента появления людей в Казанском Поволжье в эпоху палеолита и вплоть до Нового времени. Евгений Петрович утверждает, что в основе формирования населения в Среднем Поволжье и Предуралье лежали миграционные процессы, которые как системообразующее явление завершились только в XVI–XVII вв.

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Биография автора

К.А. Руденко, Казанский государственный институт культуры

доктор исторических наук, профессор, профессор кафедры музеологии, культурологии и искусствоведения Казанского государственного института культуры

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Halikova E.A., Kazakov E.P. Le cimetiere de Tankeevka. In: Les anciens hongrois et les ethnies voisines a l’Est. Budapest, 1977. Pр. 21–221. (In French)

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