The burial of the Hun-sarmatian time of the Kyrk-Kyz II cemetery in Kyrgyzstan

Main Article Content

K. T. Akmatov Email: kunbolot@mail.ru
K. Sh. Tabaldiev Email: kubatbek.tabaldiev@manas.edu.kg
E. P. Китов Email: kadet_eg@mail.ru
R. Zh. Zhanuzak Email: rzhanuzak04@gmail.com

Abstract

The article presents the findings of an archaeological investigation and cultural-chronological analysis of a burial located beneath a sub-square stone-earthen mound at the Kyrk-Kyz II cemetery in Kyrgyzstan. Discovered during rescue excavations in 2022 within the construction zone of the Epkin — Bash-Kuugandy highway in the Naryn region, this burial contained partially disturbed skeletons of an adult man and woman, positioned supine with their heads oriented northward. Notably, the male skull exhibits similarities to craniological specimens found at Saka monuments, while the female skull aligns with undercut-catacomb burials typical of the region, displaying an artificial ring deformation. This suggests a blending of distinct population groups, likely due to the introduction of new traditions. The grave goods accompanying the skeletons are characteristic of the Hun-Sarmatian era, while the mound's external structure mirrors designs seen in burial sites from the same period, previously documented in the Tien Shan and Zheti-Suu regions. Radiocarbon dating conducted in the USA places the burial in the second quarter of the 2nd to mid-3rd century AD. It is hypothesized that this burial was constructed by a presently unidentified ethnic group coexisting with the Kenkol culture practitioners, known for their undercut-catacomb burials beneath rounded earthen mounds.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

Article Details

How to Cite
Akmatov, K. T., Tabaldiev, K. S., КитовE. P., & Zhanuzak, R. Z. (2024). The burial of the Hun-sarmatian time of the Kyrk-Kyz II cemetery in Kyrgyzstan. NATIONS AND RELIGIONS OF EURASIA, 29(1), 22-39. https://doi.org/10.14258/10.14258/nreur(2024)1-02
Section
ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETNO-CULTURAL HISTORY
Author Biographies

K. T. Akmatov, Independent Researcher

Candidate of Historical Sciences, independent researcher

K. Sh. Tabaldiev, Kyrgyz-Turkish Manas University

Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor of the Department of History of the Kyrgyz-Turkish University of Manas

E. P. Китов, N. N. Miklukho-Maklai Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the RAS; Trans-regional Center of Archaeological Researches

Candidate of Historical Sciences, Senior Researcher at the N. N. Miklukho-Maklay Institute of Ethnology and Anthropology of the Russian Academy of Sciences; Director of the Interregional Center for Archaeological Research

R. Zh. Zhanuzak, A. H. Margulan Institute of Archaeology, Committee of Science, Ministry of Education and Science RK

Junior Researcher at the A. H. Margulan Institute of Archaeology, KN MES RK

References

Бексеитов Б. Г., Тулегенов Т. Ж., Иванов С. С., Китов Е. П., Китова А. О. Исследование могильника Сункар в Семиречье // Вестник ЮУрГУ. Серия: Социально-гуманитарные науки. 2019. Т. 19. № 4. С. 29-39.

Бернштам А. Н. Историко-археологические очерки Центрального Тянь-Шаня и Па-миро-Алая. М. ; Л. : Изд-во АН СССР, 1952. 346 с.

Зяблин Л. П. Средневековые курганы на Иссык-Куле // Труды Киргизской археолого-этнографической экспедиции (ТККАЭ). М., 1959. Т. 2. С. 139-154.

Китов Е. П. Население позднесарматского периода Южного Урала и Западного Казахстана (по данным антропологии) // Гуннский форум. Проблемы происхождения и идентификации культуры евразийских гуннов. Челябинск : Рифей, 2013. С. 521-548.

Китов Е. П., Тур С. С., Иванов С. С. Палеоантропология сакских культур Притянша-нья (VIII — 1-я половина II в. до н. э.). Алматы : Хикари, 2019. 300 с.

Китов Е. П., Тур С. С., Иванов С. С. Палеоантропология подбойно-катакомбных культур Притяньшанья (2-я пол. II в. до н. э. — V в. н. э.). Алматы : Хикари, 2020. 200 с.

Кожомбердиев И. Катакомбные памятники Таласской долины // Археологические памятники Таласской долины. Фрунзе : Изд-во АН КиргССР, 1963. С. 33-78.

Сорокин С. С. Некоторые вопросы происхождения керамики катакомбных могил Ферганы // Советская археология (СА). 1954. Т. XX. С. 131-147.

Табалдиев К. Ш., Акматов К., Ашык А. Погребальные памятники хуннского времени межгорных долин Тенир-Тоо (Тянь-Шань) // Евразийская степная цивилизация: человек и историко-культурная среда : материалы V Международного конгресса археологии евразийских степей. Алматы; Туркестан : Институт археологии им. А. Х. Маргу-лана, 2022. Т. 2. С. 106-113.

Табалдыев К. Древние памятники Тенир-Тоо. Бишкек : Университет Центральной Азии, 2021. 354 с.

Торгоев А. И., Кольченко В. А. Погребение позднесарматского времени с ювелирными украшениями на городище Красная-Речка // Ювелирное искусство и материальная культура. СПб. : Изд-во ГЭ, 2017. С. 166-174.

Худяков Ю. С., Табалдиев К. Ш., Борисенко А. Ю., Акматов К. Т. Сложносоставные луки с памятниках Уч-Курбу в Кыргызстане // Археология, этнография и антропология Евразии. 2013. № 3 (55). С. 81-86.

Яценко С. А., Авизова А. К, Торгоев А. И., Саипов А., Кулиш А. В., Китов Е. П., Ро-гожинский А. Е., Смагулов Е. А., Ержигитова А. А., Торежанова Н. Ж., Тур С. С., Иванов С. С. Археология и история кангюйского государства. Шымкент : Элем, 2020. 216 с.

REFERENCES
Bekseitov B. G., Tulegenov T. Zh., Ivanov S. S., Kitov E. P., Kitova A. O. Issledovanie mogil'nika Sunkar v Semirech'e [Investigations of the Sunkar cemetery in Semirechye]. Vestnik YuUrGU. Seriia “Sotsial'no-gumnitarnye nauki” [Bulletin of the SUSU. Issue “The Humanities and Social Studies”]. 2019, vol. 19, no 4, pp. 29-39 (in Russian).

Bernshtam A. N. Istoriko-arheologicheskie ocherki Tsentral'nogo Tyan' — Shanya i Pamiro-Alaya [Historical and archaeological essays of the Central Tien Shan and Pamir-Alay]. Moscow; Leningrad.: AN SSSR, 1952, no 26, 346 p. (in Russian).

Khudyakov Yu. S., Tabaldiev K. Sh., Borisenko A. Yu., Akmatov K. T. Slozhnosostavnye luki s pamiatnikakh Uch-Kurbu v Kyrgyzstane [Composite bows from Uch-Kurbu monuments in Kyrgyzstan]. Arkheologiya, etnografiya i antropologiya Evrazii [Archaeology, ethnography and anthropology of Eurasia]. 2013, no. 3 (55), pp. 81-86 (in Russian).

Kitov E. P. Naselenie pozdnesarmatskogo perioda Yuzhnogo Urala i Zapadnogo Kazakhstana (po dannym antropologii) [Population of the Late Sarmat period in the Southern Ural and Western Kazakhstan (on the basis of anthropology)]. Gunnskii forum. Problemy proiskhozhdeniia i identifikatsii kul'tury evraziiskikh gunnov [Hun forum. Problems of origins and identification of culture of the Eurasian Huns]. Chelyabinsk: Rifei, 2013, pp. 521-548 (in Russian).

Kitov E. P., Tur S. S., Ivanov S. S. Paleoantropologiya podboino-katakombnykh kul'tur Prityan'shan'ya (2-ya pol. II v. do n. e. — V v. n. e.) [Paleoanthropology of the Tien Shan area undercut and catacomb cultures (2. half of the II-V c. ACE)]. Almaty: “Khikari”, 2020, 200 p. (in Russian).

Kitov E. P., Tur S. S., Ivanov S. S. Paleoantropologiya sakskikh kul'tur Prityanshan'ya (VIII — 1-ya polovina II v. do n. e.) [Paleoanthropology of the Tien Shan area Saka culture (VIII — first half of the II c. BCE)]. Almaty: Khikari, 2019, 300 p. (in Russian).

Kozhomberdiev I. Katakombnye pamyatniki Talasskoi doliny [Catacomb monuments of the Talas valley]. Arkheologicheskie pamyatniki Talasskoi doliny [Archaeological monuments of the Talas valley]. Frunze: AS KirgSSR Publ., 1963, pp. 33-78 (in Russian).

Sorokin S. S. Nekotorye voprosy proiskhozhdeniya keramiki katakombnykh mogil Fergany [Some issues of ceramic origins of the Fergana catacomb burials]. Sovetskaya Arheologiya [Soviet Archaeology]. 1954, vol. XX, pp. 131-147 (in Russian).

Tabaldyev K. Drevnie pamyatniki Tenir-Too [Ancient monuments of Tenir-Too]. Bishkek: University of Central Asia, 2021, 354 p. (in Russian).

Tabaldiev K. Sh., Akmatov K., Ashyk A. Pogrebal'nye pamyatniki khunnskogo vremeni mezhgornykh dolin Tenir-Too (Tian' — Shan') [Burial sites of the Hun time of the Tenir-Too (Tien Shan) valleys]. Evraziiskaia stepnaya tsivilizatsiya: chelovek i istoriko-kul'turnaya sreda. Materialy V mezhdunarodnogo kongressa arkheologii evraziiskikh stepei [Eurasian steppe civilization: man and historical-cultural environment. Materials of the V international congress on Eurasian steppe archaeology]. Almaty-Turkestan: A. Kh. Margulan Institute of Archaeology, 2022, vol. 2, pp. 106-113 (in Russian).

Torgoev A. I., Kol'chenko V. A. Pogrebenie pozdnesarmatskogo vremeni s yuvelirnymi ukrasheniyami na gorodishche Krasnaya-Rechka [Late Sarmatian burial with jewellery on the Krasnaya-Rechka settlement]. Yuvelirnoe iskusstvo i materyal'naya kul'tura [Jewellery and material culture]. St. Petersburg: SH Publ., 2017, pp. 166-174 (in Russian).

Yatsenko S. A., Avizova A. K, Torgoev A. I., Saipov A., Kulish A. V., Kitov E. P., Rogozhinskii A. E., Smagulov E. A., Erzhigitova A. A., Torezhanova N. Zh., Tur S. S., Ivanov S. S. Arkheologiya i istoriya kangyuiskogo gosudarstva [Archaeology and history of the Kangju state]. Shymkent: Elem, 2020, 216 p. (in Russian).

Zyablin L. P. Srednevekovye kurgany na Issyk-Kule [Medieval burial mounds in Issyk-Kul]. Trudy kirgizskoi arkheologo-etnograficheskoi ekspeditsii (TKKAE) [Transactions of the Kyrgyz archaeological-ethnographical expedition (TKAEE)]. Moscow, 1959, vol. 2, pp. 139154 (in Russian)