STANDARDIZATION OF FLOWER BUDS OF JAPANESE SOPHORA (SOPHORA JAPONICA L.)
UDC 615.322: 547.972 +543.544
Abstract
Japanese sophora (Sophora japonica L., family Fabaceae) is a unique source of natural biologically active compounds, including flavonoids. In scientific medicine the flower buds (unblown flowers) and fruits of Sophora japonica are used to obtain medicinal herbal preparations. The dominant flavonoid in the flowers of this plant is rutin (3-O-rutinoside of quercetin), the content of which reaches 20–30%. The quality of the flower buds of Sophora japonica is regulated by VFS 42-341-74. The authenticity of the flower buds of this plant is determined by a qualitative reaction to flavonoids (cyanidin test). The content of rutin in the medicinal plant material "Sophora japonica flower buds" is determined by the chromatospectrophotometric method. In addition to rutin, Sophora japonica fruits contain such flavonoids as sophoricoside (4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of genistein), kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside and genistein (5,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavone). The “Identification” section of FS.2.5.0130 "Sophora japonica fruits" of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation, 15th edition includes determination of authenticity by thin-layer chromatography (TLC) using a standard sample of sophoricoside.
The aim of this study is to develop a TLC analysis method for Sophora japonica flowers for identification purposes, as well as a method for quantitative determination of the amount of flavonoids in this raw material. The European Pharmacopoeia contains two pharmacopoeial monographs: "Sophora japonica flowers" and "Sophora japonica flowers (unblown flowers)". Identification of both types of raw materials is carried out based on the presence of flavonoids determined by TLC with standard samples of hyperoside and rutin. The amount of flavonoids is determined by spectrophotometry at a wavelength of 425 nm with a standard sample of rutin.
As a result of conducted research it was developed the method for determination of the authenticity of the raw material "Sophora japonica flower buds" has also been developed using the TLC method (Sorbfil PTSKh-AF-A-UV plates, a solvent system of n-butanol-acetic acid-distilled water in a ratio of 4:1:2) with standard samples of rutin and quercetin. It has been shown that differential spectrophotometry at an analytical wavelength of 414 nm allows for a more selective determination of the total flavonoid content in Sophora japonica flower buds. A technique has been developed for quantitative determination of the total flavonoid content in Sophora japonica flower buds by differential spectrophotometry at an analytical wavelength of 414 nm using a pharmacopoeial standard sample of rutin. It has been determined that the total flavonoid content in Sophora japonica flower buds varies from 16.12±1.33 to 22.37±1.33% (calculated on rutin). The error of a single determination of the total flavonoid content in the flower buds of Sophora japonica with a confidence level of 95% is ±4.40%.
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