THE SITES OF PAZYRYK CULTURE IN XINJIAN
Keywords:
Xinjiang, Pazyryk culture, archaeological excavations, history of study, barrows, objects of material culture, burial of horses
Abstract
Archaeological surveys and excavations by Chinese archaeologists in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region have provided important evidence of the region’s ancient history. Among the identified and studied sites there were mounds, which belong to the well-known Pazyryk culture of the Scythian-Saka time. Based on the analysis of publications in Chinese, the article briefly presents the history of studies of specific objects and gives their characteristics. Attention is paid to the recorded results of funerary practice and found objects of material culture, among which ceramic dishes are an important ethnocultural indicator. The mapping of the locations of excavated sites allows us to significantly expand the boundaries of the Pazyryk culture. Of particular importance are the excavations of two large mounds at the Karasu burial ground. In one of them, the remains of 13 horses were found, and in the other there were seven. A detailed study of the obtained archaeological materials is necessary.
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References
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Polos’mak N.V. «Steregushchie zoloto grify» (ak-alahinskie kurgany) [“Vultures Guarding Gold” (Ak-Alakha barrows). Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1994. 125 p.
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Balikun Sigou Izhi 1 hao mu kaogu fajue jiangbao [Brief Report on Archaeological Excavations of 1 Burial Site of the Sigou Settlement near Balikun (Barkul) = 巴里坤 西沟 遗址 1 号 墓 考古 发掘 简报]. Xinjiang wenu [The Sites of Xinjiang Culture = ]. 2016. No. 1. C. 79–91.
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Buerjin xian Hailutan mudi M2 kaogu fajue baogao [Report on Archaeological Excavations of the M2 Burial Sites of Hailutan in the County of Bujin = 布尔津 县 海流 滩 墓地 M2 考古 发掘 报告]. Xinjiang wenu [Xinjiang Cultural Sites] = 新疆 物物. 2018. No. 1–2. Pp. 98–104.
Buerjin xian Shankou dianzhan fajue jiangbao [Summary Report of Excavations at the Shankou Power Station in the Bujin County (Burchun) = 布尔津 县 山口 电站 发掘 简报] // Xinjiang wenu [Xinjiang Cultural Sites = 新疆 文物]. 2013. No. 1. Pp. 21–33.
Xinjiang veyuer tszychzhitsyuy di san gical tsyuango venu puchzha Chango Jicheng: aletay ditsyuy Juan [Complete Results of the Third Survey Cultural Sites of the National Level in Xinjiang: Altaiskii DC = 新疆维吾尔自治区 第三 次 全国 文物 普查 成果 集成: 阿勒泰 地区 卷]. Beijing: [Scientific Publishing House = 科学 出版社], 2011. Pp. 225.
Xinjiang ditsu “Dinju sinmu” kaogu fajue zongshu [Overview of Archaeological Excavations in “Areas for the Nomadic Resettlement to Permanent Residence” in Xinjiang = 新疆 文物 考古 研究所 : 新疆 地 区“定居 兴牧”考古 发掘 综述]. Xinjiang Xinjiang Culture = 新疆 文物]. 2013. No. 3–4. Pp. 117–123.
Xinjiang Habahe xian Duntalede mudi fajue jiangbao [Brief Report on the Excavation of Duntalede Burial Sites in the Habahe County XUAR = 新疆 哈巴河 县东 塔勒德 墓地 报 简报] // Wenu [Cultural Monuments = 文物]. 2013. No. 3. Pp. 4–14.
Fuyun xian Saerbulake mudi kaogu fajue baogao [Report on Archaeological Excavations of Saerbulake Burial Sites in the Fuyun County = 富蕴 县 萨尔布拉克 墓地 考古 发掘 报告]. Xinjiang Wenu [Xinjiang Cultural Sites = 新疆 文物]. 2015. No. 1. Pp. 45–52.
Fuyun xian Sukeerte mudi kaogu Fajue baogao [Report on Archaeological Excavations of Sukeerte-Tombs in Fuyun County = 富蕴 县 塑 柯尔特 墓地 考古 发掘 报告]. Xinjiang Wenu [Xinjiang Cultural Sites = 新疆 文物]. 2015. No. 1. Pp. 4–41.
Fuyun xian Haijikou Mudi kaogu fajue jianbao [Brief Report on Archaeological Excavations of Haizikou Burial Sites in Fuyun County = 富蕴 县 海子 口 墓地 考古 发掘 简报]. Xinjiang Wenu [The Sites of Xinjiang Culture = 新疆 文物]. 2018. No. 3–4. Pp. 19–35.
Fuyun xian Zhelebanaiishen muqun fajue jianbao [Summary Report of Excavation of the tombs of Zhelebanaiishen in Fuyun county = 富蕴 县 哲勒巴 乃 什 墓群 发掘 简报]. Xinjiang wenu [Xinjiang Cultural Sites] = 新疆. 2013. No. 2. Pp. 43–51.
Fuyunxian Saudegeer Moody Kaogu Fajue Baogao [Report on Archaeological Excavations of Saudegeer Burial Sites in the Fuyun County = 富蕴 县 萨乌 迭 戈尔 墓地 考古 发掘 报告] // Xinjiang Wenu [The Sites of Xinjiang Culture = 新疆 文物]. 2015. No. 1. Pp. 58–69.
Habahe xian Jialanaishen mudi, Habaikhan mudi fajue baogao [Report on Excavation of the Burial Sites of Jialangaishen and Habaikhan in the Habahe County = 哈巴河 县 加朗 乃 什 墓地 、 哈 拜 汗 墓 地 发掘 报告]. Xinjiang 2013. No. 2. Pp. 52–70.
Hebusier Xian 219 years old Songshugou Moody Kaogu Fajue Jiangbao [Brief Report on Archaeological Excavations of the Sunshugou Graves at 219 State Highway in Hebusaier County . 2018. No. 1–2. Pp. 55–81.
Shui Tao [水 涛]. Qingtong shidai Aertai Shan dzyu jiaohu zoyun quan de sincheng yu yixiang – and zhungguo de fasyan wei zhuxian [Formation of the Interaction Zone in Altai in the Bronze Age (based on Chinese materials) = 青铜 时代 阿尔 泰山 地区 交互作用 圈 的 形成 形成 以 以 的的 发现 为主 线]. Ancient Civilizations [Gudai wenming]. Beijing: [scientific publishing house = 科学 出版社], 2016. Pp. 262–267.
Yu Jianjun [于 建军], Hu Wanglin [胡 望 林]. 2014 Xinjiang nyan Habahe xian Kalasu mudi kaogu fajue xin shouho [New Results of Archaeological Excavations of Kalasu Burials in Habae Xinjiang County in 2014 = 2014 年 新疆 哈巴河 县 喀拉苏 墓地 考古 发掘 新 收获] // Xiyu Western Studies = 西域 研究]. 2015. No. 1. Pp. 131–132.
Dashkovskij P.K., Tishkin A.A., Tur S.S. Vtorichnye pogrebeniya v kurganah skifskogo vremeni na pamyatnike Hankarinskij dol [Secondary Burials in Mounds of Scythian Time at the Khankarinsky Dol Site]. Zapadnaya i Yuzhnaya Sibir’ v drevnosti [Western and Southern Siberia in Antiquity]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2005. Pp. 62–68.
Kiryushin Yu.F., Stepanova N.F., Tishkin A.A. Skifskaya epoha Gornogo Altaya. Ch. II. Pogrebal’nopominal’nye kompleksy pazyrykskoj kul’tury [Scythian Era of the Altai Mountains. Part II. Funeral and Memorial Complexes of the Pazyryk Culture]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2003. 234 p.
Kubarev V.D. Kurgany Ulandryka [Mounds of Ulandrik]. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1987. 302 p.
Kubarev V.D. Kurgany Yustyda [Mounds of Justyd]. Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1991. 270 p.
Polos’mak N.V. «Steregushchie zoloto grify» (ak-alahinskie kurgany) [“Vultures Guarding Gold” (Ak-Alakha barrows). Novosibirsk : Nauka, 1994. 125 p.
Tishkin A.A., Dashkovskij P.K. Social’naya struktura i sistema mirovozzrenij naseleniya Altaya skifskoj epohi [The Social Structure and Worldview System of the Population of Altai of the Scythian Era]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2003. 430 p.
Tishkin A.A., Dashkovskij P.K. Osnovnye aspekty izucheniya skifskoj epohi Altaya [The Main Aspects of the Study of the Scythian Era of Altai]. Barnaul : Izd-vo Alt. un-ta, 2004. 238 p. + Ill.
Shul’ga P. I. Sin’czyan v VIII–III vv. do n. e. (Pogrebal’nye kompleksy. Hronologiya i periodizaciya) [Xinjiang in the 8th – 3rd Centuries BC. (Funeral Complexes. Chronology and Periodization)]. Barnaul: Izd-vo Alt. tekhn. un-ta, 2010. 238 p.
Shul’ga D.P., Shul’ga P.I. Proniknovenie pazyrykskoj kul’tury v Sin’czyan [Penetration of the Pazyryk Culture in Xinjiang]. Vestnik NGU. Ser. «Istoriya, filologiya» [Bulletin of NSU. Ser. “History, Philology”]. 2017. Vol. 16, №4. Pp. 24–29.
Aletaj shi Balekhan’ shujku mudi kaogu faczyue baogao [Report on Archaeological Excavations of Burials near Belehan Reservoir, Altai = 阿勒泰市巴勒哈纳水库墓地考古发掘报告] // Sin’czyan ven’u [Xinjiang Cultural Sites = 新疆文物]. 2013. №2. Pp. 31–42.
Aletaj shi Keczyczyaer mudi faczyue czyan’bao [A Brief Report on the Excavation of Kejijiaer Graves in Altai = 阿勒泰市克孜加尔墓地发掘简报]. Sin’czyan ven’u [Xinjiang Cultural Monuments = 新疆文物]. 2010. №1. Pp. 35–47.
Altai shi Ulasete mudi kaogu fajue baogao [Report on Archaeological Excavations at the Ulasyte Cemetery in Altai = 阿勒泰 市 乌拉斯特 墓地 考古 发掘 报告]. Xinjiang wenu [Monuments of Xinjiang Culture = 新疆 文物]. 2015. No. 2. Pp. 58–64.
Balikun Sigou Izhi 1 hao mu kaogu fajue jiangbao [Brief Report on Archaeological Excavations of 1 Burial Site of the Sigou Settlement near Balikun (Barkul) = 巴里坤 西沟 遗址 1 号 墓 考古 发掘 简报]. Xinjiang wenu [The Sites of Xinjiang Culture = ]. 2016. No. 1. C. 79–91.
Buerjin xian Elaman muqun kaogu fajue jianbao [Brief Report on Archaeological Excavations of the Elaman Tombs in the County of Bujin (Burchun) = 布尔津 县 也 拉曼 墓群 考古 发掘 简报] // Xinjiang = Xinjiang Sites 2017. No. 4. Pp. 4–30.
Buerjin xian Kanyasa Shyahukou Tuvasinjun humudi Fajue Jianbao [Brief Report on the Excavation of Ancient Burial Sites of Tuwasinjun, Xiahukou, Kanas, in Burchun County = 布尔津 县 喀纳斯 下 湖口 图瓦 新村 古墓 地 报 简янян] Xinjun Culture. Xinjiang = 新疆 文物]. 2014. No. 2. Pp. 60–75.
Buerjin xian Hailutan mudi M2 kaogu fajue baogao [Report on Archaeological Excavations of the M2 Burial Sites of Hailutan in the County of Bujin = 布尔津 县 海流 滩 墓地 M2 考古 发掘 报告]. Xinjiang wenu [Xinjiang Cultural Sites] = 新疆 物物. 2018. No. 1–2. Pp. 98–104.
Buerjin xian Shankou dianzhan fajue jiangbao [Summary Report of Excavations at the Shankou Power Station in the Bujin County (Burchun) = 布尔津 县 山口 电站 发掘 简报] // Xinjiang wenu [Xinjiang Cultural Sites = 新疆 文物]. 2013. No. 1. Pp. 21–33.
Xinjiang veyuer tszychzhitsyuy di san gical tsyuango venu puchzha Chango Jicheng: aletay ditsyuy Juan [Complete Results of the Third Survey Cultural Sites of the National Level in Xinjiang: Altaiskii DC = 新疆维吾尔自治区 第三 次 全国 文物 普查 成果 集成: 阿勒泰 地区 卷]. Beijing: [Scientific Publishing House = 科学 出版社], 2011. Pp. 225.
Xinjiang ditsu “Dinju sinmu” kaogu fajue zongshu [Overview of Archaeological Excavations in “Areas for the Nomadic Resettlement to Permanent Residence” in Xinjiang = 新疆 文物 考古 研究所 : 新疆 地 区“定居 兴牧”考古 发掘 综述]. Xinjiang Xinjiang Culture = 新疆 文物]. 2013. No. 3–4. Pp. 117–123.
Xinjiang Habahe xian Duntalede mudi fajue jiangbao [Brief Report on the Excavation of Duntalede Burial Sites in the Habahe County XUAR = 新疆 哈巴河 县东 塔勒德 墓地 报 简报] // Wenu [Cultural Monuments = 文物]. 2013. No. 3. Pp. 4–14.
Fuyun xian Saerbulake mudi kaogu fajue baogao [Report on Archaeological Excavations of Saerbulake Burial Sites in the Fuyun County = 富蕴 县 萨尔布拉克 墓地 考古 发掘 报告]. Xinjiang Wenu [Xinjiang Cultural Sites = 新疆 文物]. 2015. No. 1. Pp. 45–52.
Fuyun xian Sukeerte mudi kaogu Fajue baogao [Report on Archaeological Excavations of Sukeerte-Tombs in Fuyun County = 富蕴 县 塑 柯尔特 墓地 考古 发掘 报告]. Xinjiang Wenu [Xinjiang Cultural Sites = 新疆 文物]. 2015. No. 1. Pp. 4–41.
Fuyun xian Haijikou Mudi kaogu fajue jianbao [Brief Report on Archaeological Excavations of Haizikou Burial Sites in Fuyun County = 富蕴 县 海子 口 墓地 考古 发掘 简报]. Xinjiang Wenu [The Sites of Xinjiang Culture = 新疆 文物]. 2018. No. 3–4. Pp. 19–35.
Fuyun xian Zhelebanaiishen muqun fajue jianbao [Summary Report of Excavation of the tombs of Zhelebanaiishen in Fuyun county = 富蕴 县 哲勒巴 乃 什 墓群 发掘 简报]. Xinjiang wenu [Xinjiang Cultural Sites] = 新疆. 2013. No. 2. Pp. 43–51.
Fuyunxian Saudegeer Moody Kaogu Fajue Baogao [Report on Archaeological Excavations of Saudegeer Burial Sites in the Fuyun County = 富蕴 县 萨乌 迭 戈尔 墓地 考古 发掘 报告] // Xinjiang Wenu [The Sites of Xinjiang Culture = 新疆 文物]. 2015. No. 1. Pp. 58–69.
Habahe xian Jialanaishen mudi, Habaikhan mudi fajue baogao [Report on Excavation of the Burial Sites of Jialangaishen and Habaikhan in the Habahe County = 哈巴河 县 加朗 乃 什 墓地 、 哈 拜 汗 墓 地 发掘 报告]. Xinjiang 2013. No. 2. Pp. 52–70.
Hebusier Xian 219 years old Songshugou Moody Kaogu Fajue Jiangbao [Brief Report on Archaeological Excavations of the Sunshugou Graves at 219 State Highway in Hebusaier County . 2018. No. 1–2. Pp. 55–81.
Shui Tao [水 涛]. Qingtong shidai Aertai Shan dzyu jiaohu zoyun quan de sincheng yu yixiang – and zhungguo de fasyan wei zhuxian [Formation of the Interaction Zone in Altai in the Bronze Age (based on Chinese materials) = 青铜 时代 阿尔 泰山 地区 交互作用 圈 的 形成 形成 以 以 的的 发现 为主 线]. Ancient Civilizations [Gudai wenming]. Beijing: [scientific publishing house = 科学 出版社], 2016. Pp. 262–267.
Yu Jianjun [于 建军], Hu Wanglin [胡 望 林]. 2014 Xinjiang nyan Habahe xian Kalasu mudi kaogu fajue xin shouho [New Results of Archaeological Excavations of Kalasu Burials in Habae Xinjiang County in 2014 = 2014 年 新疆 哈巴河 县 喀拉苏 墓地 考古 发掘 新 收获] // Xiyu Western Studies = 西域 研究]. 2015. No. 1. Pp. 131–132.
Published
2020-06-22
How to Cite
Mu T. THE SITES OF PAZYRYK CULTURE IN XINJIAN // THEORY AND PRACTICE OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESEARCH, 2020. Vol. 30, № 2. P. 138-147 DOI: 10.14258/tpai(2020)2(30).-10. URL: https://journal.asu.ru/tpai/article/view/%2830%29.-10.
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