Celestial and mysterical symbolism in zoroastrianism

Abstract

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the astral and mystical symbolism inherent in Zoroastrianism and its profound influence on contemporary Iranian culture, with a particular focus on architecture. It investigates the various symbols of Mithraism that are interwoven within Iranian culture during the pre-Islamic era. The author conducts a meticulous examination of the connections between modern Iranian architectural elements and distinct historical periods, critically analyzing existing theories regarding the origins of specific symbols and images in Iranian culture while emphasizing their indigenous characteristics and uniqueness. The central thesis posits a significant relationship between Mithraic symbols and Islamic narratives, as well as their impact on the evolution of architecture following the advent of Islam.

The study suggests that during the era of the cult of Mehr and the Zoroastrian faith, Iranians possessed a sophisticated understanding of astronomy, which was extensively utilized in various artistic forms, including reliefs featuring lions with the Sun, the Sun accompanied by stars, and muqarnas, as well as in interior design and architectural practices. A key innovation of this research is the classification of Sun symbols within Mithraism, particularly those that have endured from the periods of Mithraism and Zoroastrianism to the present day. This classification encompasses a wide array of relief motifs, architectural artistry, and associated elements, notably the geographical orientation towards the “East.” Furthermore, the study explores the evolution of the Sun symbol and its integration with other motifs, such as eagles, humans, lions, stars, and bulls. The significance of the Sun is underscored by its pivotal role in determining the orientation towards the East in the construction of Mithraic temples, fire temples, and palatial structures.