«Могила воина» в юго-восточной части Азербайджана: курган Арвана
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Published:
Mar 26, 2026
Keywords:
талыш-муганская культура, эпоха поздней бронзы — раннего железа, подкурганные каменные ящики, керамические сосуды, оружие, хронология
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Abstract
В статье сообщается о кургане, раскопанном в одноименном селе Арвана в Ярдым-линском районе. Курган диаметром 5 м имеет кромлехную выкладку из крупных скальных камней. В погребении найдено восемь керамических сосудов, бронзовое кольцо, бронзовый кинжал. В восточной части погребения выявлены остеологические остатки на сосудах, под которыми был человеческий костяк.
Для горной зоны талыш-муганской культуры характерны крупные дольменовидные гробницы, каменные ящики и курганы, для равнинной зоны — могильник из курганов и грунтовых погребений. Наличие двух локальных групп этой культуры, вероятно, связано с природно-географическими условиями.
Среди погребального инвентаря кургана Арвана были выявлены археологические материалы, характерные как для талыш-муганской, так и для ходжалы-гедабекской культур. Эта общность говорит об этнокультурных связях в эпоху поздней бронзы — раннего железа между разными регионами Азербайджана.
Палеоантропологический материал из кургана Арвана в настоящее время хранится в экспозиции Музея национальной истории Азербайджана. Краниологический материал из погребения был исследован по общепринятой в палеоантропологии методике Р. Мартина. Череп мужской (возраст 55-60 лет), гипердолихокранный, хамекранный. Антропологический тип европеоидный. Рост погребенного составлял около 170 см.
На основе сравнительного анализа памятник можно отнести к XI-X вв. до н. э., к второму этапу талыш-муганской культуры.
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Агаларзаде, А. (2026). «Могила воина» в юго-восточной части Азербайджана: курган Арвана. NATIONS AND RELIGIONS OF EURASIA, 31(1), 7-25. https://doi.org/10.14258/nreur(2026)1-01
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ARCHAEOLOGY AND ETNO-CULTURAL HISTORY
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Agalarzada A. M. Lerik rayonunun Son Tunc-Erken Demir dovru qebir abidelerinden Jak de Morganin ashkar etdiyi silahlar haqqinda [About the weapons discovered by Jacques de Morgan from the Late Bronze-Early Iron Age grave monuments of the Lerik region]. AMEA-nin Xabarlari — ictimai elmlar seriyasi [ANAS News — Social Sciences Series]. Baku, 2018, vol. 2, pp. 106-113 (in Azerbaijani).
Agalarzada A. M. Lerik rayonunun Son Tunc-Ilk Demir dovru qebir abideleri ve defn adetleri (Fransiz arxeoloqu Jak de Morganin qazintilari esasinda etno-arxeoloji tedqiqat) [Late Bronze-Early Iron Age grave monuments and burial customs of the Lerik region
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Agalarzada A. M. Sarybulaq kurganlary [Saribulag burial mounds]. Azarbaycan arxeologiyasi va etnoqrafiyasi [Azerbaijani archaeology and ethnography]. Baku, 2018, vol. 2, pp. 3-15 (in Azerbaijani).
Agayev Q. H. ^axtaxti: tarixi-arxeoloji tadqiqat [Shakhtakhti: historical-archaeological research.]. Baku: Science and Education, 2019, 176 p. (in Azerbaijani).
Bax§aliyev V. B. Naxgvanin erkan damir dovru madaniyyati [Early Iron Age culture of Nakhchivan]. Baku: Science, 2002, 128 p. (in Azerbaijani).
Slakbarov A. i., Szizov T. H. Kohna Qi§laqda arxeoloji tapintilar [Archaeological finds in Old Qishlag]. Saleh Qaziyevin anadan olmasinin 100 illiyina hasr edilan elmi sessiyanin materiallari [Materials of the scientific session dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Saleh Gaziyev]. Baku: Science, 1994, pp. 85-88 (in Azerbaijani)
Sliyev E. Ordubad rayonunun tunc-ilk damir dovru arxeoloji abidalari [Bronze-Early Iron Age archaeological monuments of Ordubad district]. Baku: Science and Education, 2018, 272 p. (in Azerbaijani)
Huseynov M. M., Agalarzada A. M. Goranboy arxeoloji ekspedisiyasinin qazintilarinin naticalarina dair [On the results of the excavations of the Goranboy archaeological expedition]. Azarbaycanda arxeoloji tadqiqatlar 2008 [Archaeological research in Azerbaijan 2008]. Baku: 2008, pp. 36-40 (in Azerbaijani).
Karimov S. K. Lerik rayonunun arxeoloji abidalari [Archaeological monuments of Lerik region]. Baku: Araz 2006, 164 p. (in Azerbaijani).
Mahmudov F. R. Lankaran yaxinligindaki qadim qabristan haqqinda [About the ancient cemetery near Lankaran]. Azarb. SSR EA Xabarlari. Tarix, falsafa va huquq seriyasi [News of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR. History, philosophy and law series]. Baku: Science. 1974, vol. 4, pp. 47-56 (in Azerbaijani).
Mahmudov F. R. Tali§ va Muganin qadim madaniyatina aid arxeoloji materiallar [Archaeological materials on the ancient culture of Talysh and Mughan]. Azarb. SSR EA-nin Xabarlari [News of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR]. Baku, 1970, vol. 2, pp. 6677 (in Azerbaijani)
Museyibli N. S. Zayam^ay nekropolunun qabir tiplari [Grave types of the Zayamchay necropolis]. Azarbaycan arxeologiyasi [Archaeology of Azerbaijan]. Baku, 2009, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 37-57 (in Azerbaijani).
Museyibli N. S., Nacafov §. N. Zeyemchay nekropolu [Zayamchay necropolis]. Baku: Science and Education, 2019, 424 p. (in Azerbaijani).
Museyibli N. S., Nacafov §. N., Huseynov M. M. Tovuzchay nekropolu [Tovuzchay necropolis]. Baku: Science and Education, 2021, 348 p. (in Azerbaijani)
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Narimanov i. H. 1960-ci ilda Saritapada arxeoloji qazintilar [Archaeological excavations in Saritepe in 1960]. Tarix institutunun asarlari, 16-ci buraxili§ [Works of the Institute of History. Vol. 16]. Baku: Science, 1963, pp. 81-98. (in Azerbaijani).
Rasuloglu T. Niftali kurqanlari [Niftali burial mounds]. Azarbaycanda arxeologiya va etnoqrafiya elmlarinin son naticalarina hasr olunmu§ konfransin materiallari [Materials of the conference dedicated to the latest results of archaeological and ethnographic sciences in Azerbaijan]. Baku: Bilik, 1992, pp. 21-23 (in Azerbaijani).
Guseynova M. A. Keramika pozdnei bronzy Azerbaidzhana opredelyayushchei komponent Khodzhaly-Kedabekskoi kul'tury [Late Bronze Age ceramics of Azerbaijan, a defining component of the Khojaly-Gadabey culture]. Saleh Qaziyevin anadan olmasinin 100 illiyina hasr edilan elmi sessiyanin materiallari [Materials of the scientific session dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Saleh Gaziyev]. Baku: Science, 1994, pp. 107-109 (in Russian).
Daniyelyan O. A. Bronzovye kinzhaly iz pamyatnikov Khodzhaly-Kedabekskoi kul'tury [Bronze daggers from the Khojaly-Gedabay cultural monuments]. Azarbaycan Maddi Madaniyyati (AMM) [Azerbaijani Material Culture (AMC)]. 1987, vol. 10, pp. 22-35 (in Russian).
Dzhafarzade I. M. Elementy arkheologicheskoy kul'tury drevney Mugani [Elements of the archaeological culture of ancient Mughan]. Azarbaycan SSR EA Xabarlari (umumi elmlar seriyasi) [News of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR (general sciences series)]. 1946, vol. 4, no. 9, pp. 21-51 (in Russian).
Kesamanly G. P. Khachbulagskiy kurgan s massovym zakhoroneniyem [Khachbulag burial mound with a mass grave]. Azarbaycan Maddi Madaniyyati (AMM) [Azerbaijani Material Culture (AMC)]. 1976, vol. 8, pp. 46-75 (in Russian).
Kesamanly G. P., Gusejnova M. A. Pogrebal'nyye pamyatniki sel. Khoshbulag, issledovannye v 1974 g. [Funeral monuments of the village of Khoshbulag, investigated in 1974.] Azarbaycan Maddi Madaniyyati(AMM) [Azerbaijani Material Culture (AMC)]. 1993, vol. 11, pp. 21-28 (in Russian).
Kirichenko D. A. Kleimeniye i dekapitatsiya u drevnikh plemena yuga Azerbaidzhana. [Branding and decapitation among the ancient tribes of southern Azerbaijan]. Vestnik Muzeya Arkheologii i Etnografii Permskogo Predural'ya [Bulletin of the Museum of Archaeology and Ethnography of the Perm Cis-Urals]. 2020, iss. X, pp. 40-47 (in Russian).
Makhmudov F. R. Talysh-Muganskaya kul'tura. [Talysh-Mugan culture]. Azarbaycan arxeologiyasi va etnoqrafiyasi [Azerbaijani archaeology and ethnography]. 2017, no. 2, pp. 1520 (In Russian).
Nadzhafov Sh. N., Asadov V. A. Arkheologicheskie pamyatniki epokhi bronzy i rannego zheleza Zayamchaiskogo basseina Shamkirskogo rayona [Archaeological monuments of the Bronze and Early Iron Ages of the Zayamchay basin of the Shamkir region]. Azarbaycan arxeologiyasi va etnoqrafiyasi [Azerbaijani archaeology and ethnography]. 2017, no. 2, pp. 3-21 (in Russian).
Buried in kurgan No. 1 near the village of Arvana about Late Bronze Age. URL: www. ancestralwhispers.org (acessed at: 30 October, 2024).
Jahani V. Archaeology of Deilaman. Archaeological investigations at the Archaeological Sites of Yasan (Kaferestan). Gilan: Bloor, 2014, 289 p.
Jahani V. Manifestation of the Iron I Culture in the Polerud Basin: An archaeological investigation of the Qaleh-Garden, Bouyeh and Tukamjan Cemeteries. Bulletin of the Okayama Orient Museum. 2011, vol. 25, pp. 31-58.
Khalatbari M. R. Archaeological investigations in Talesh, Gilan-1. Excavations at Toul-e-Gilan. Gilan: 2004a, 183 p.
Khalatbari M. R. Archaeological investigations in Talesh, Gilan-2. Excavations at Vaske and Mianrud. Rasht: 2004b, 240 p.
Agalarzada A. M. (ed.) Mugan arxeoloji medeniyyeti: Uzuntepe abideleri kompleksi [Mughan archaeological culture: Uzuntepe monuments complex]. Baku, 2017, 23 p. (in Azerbaijani)
Agalarzada A. M. Azerbaycanin cenub-sherq bolgesinin tunc dovru kurganlari (Yardimli rayonunun materiallari esasinda) [Bronze Age burial mounds of the southeastern region of Azerbaijan (based on materials from the Yardimli region)]. Azarbaycan arxeologiyasina dair tadqiqatlar. Q. Qofqarhnin 70 illiyina hasr olunmu§ maqalalar toplusu [Research on Azerbaijani archaeology. Collection of articles dedicated to the 70th anniversary of G. Goshgarli]. Baku, 2017, pp. 55-68 (in Azerbaijani).
Agalarzada A. M. Lerik rayonunun Son Tunc-Erken Demir dovru qebir abidelerinden Jak de Morganin ashkar etdiyi silahlar haqqinda [About the weapons discovered by Jacques de Morgan from the Late Bronze-Early Iron Age grave monuments of the Lerik region]. AMEA-nin Xabarlari — ictimai elmlar seriyasi [ANAS News — Social Sciences Series]. Baku, 2018, vol. 2, pp. 106-113 (in Azerbaijani).
Agalarzada A. M. Lerik rayonunun Son Tunc-Ilk Demir dovru qebir abideleri ve defn adetleri (Fransiz arxeoloqu Jak de Morganin qazintilari esasinda etno-arxeoloji tedqiqat) [Late Bronze-Early Iron Age grave monuments and burial customs of the Lerik region
(ethno-archaeological research based on the excavations of the French archaeologist Jacques de Morgan)]. Azarbaycan arxeologiyasi va etnoqrafiyasi [Azerbaijani archaeology and ethnography] Baku, 2017, vol. 2, pp. 22-38 (in Azerbaijani).
Agalarzada A. M. Sarybulaq kurganlary [Saribulag burial mounds]. Azarbaycan arxeologiyasi va etnoqrafiyasi [Azerbaijani archaeology and ethnography]. Baku, 2018, vol. 2, pp. 3-15 (in Azerbaijani).
Agayev Q. H. ^axtaxti: tarixi-arxeoloji tadqiqat [Shakhtakhti: historical-archaeological research.]. Baku: Science and Education, 2019, 176 p. (in Azerbaijani).
Bax§aliyev V. B. Naxgvanin erkan damir dovru madaniyyati [Early Iron Age culture of Nakhchivan]. Baku: Science, 2002, 128 p. (in Azerbaijani).
Slakbarov A. i., Szizov T. H. Kohna Qi§laqda arxeoloji tapintilar [Archaeological finds in Old Qishlag]. Saleh Qaziyevin anadan olmasinin 100 illiyina hasr edilan elmi sessiyanin materiallari [Materials of the scientific session dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of Saleh Gaziyev]. Baku: Science, 1994, pp. 85-88 (in Azerbaijani)
Sliyev E. Ordubad rayonunun tunc-ilk damir dovru arxeoloji abidalari [Bronze-Early Iron Age archaeological monuments of Ordubad district]. Baku: Science and Education, 2018, 272 p. (in Azerbaijani)
Huseynov M. M., Agalarzada A. M. Goranboy arxeoloji ekspedisiyasinin qazintilarinin naticalarina dair [On the results of the excavations of the Goranboy archaeological expedition]. Azarbaycanda arxeoloji tadqiqatlar 2008 [Archaeological research in Azerbaijan 2008]. Baku: 2008, pp. 36-40 (in Azerbaijani).
Karimov S. K. Lerik rayonunun arxeoloji abidalari [Archaeological monuments of Lerik region]. Baku: Araz 2006, 164 p. (in Azerbaijani).
Mahmudov F. R. Lankaran yaxinligindaki qadim qabristan haqqinda [About the ancient cemetery near Lankaran]. Azarb. SSR EA Xabarlari. Tarix, falsafa va huquq seriyasi [News of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR. History, philosophy and law series]. Baku: Science. 1974, vol. 4, pp. 47-56 (in Azerbaijani).
Mahmudov F. R. Tali§ va Muganin qadim madaniyatina aid arxeoloji materiallar [Archaeological materials on the ancient culture of Talysh and Mughan]. Azarb. SSR EA-nin Xabarlari [News of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR]. Baku, 1970, vol. 2, pp. 6677 (in Azerbaijani)
Museyibli N. S. Zayam^ay nekropolunun qabir tiplari [Grave types of the Zayamchay necropolis]. Azarbaycan arxeologiyasi [Archaeology of Azerbaijan]. Baku, 2009, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 37-57 (in Azerbaijani).
Museyibli N. S., Nacafov §. N. Zeyemchay nekropolu [Zayamchay necropolis]. Baku: Science and Education, 2019, 424 p. (in Azerbaijani).
Museyibli N. S., Nacafov §. N., Huseynov M. M. Tovuzchay nekropolu [Tovuzchay necropolis]. Baku: Science and Education, 2021, 348 p. (in Azerbaijani)
Nacafov §. N., Agalarzada A. A., Ssadov V. A. Qaziqulu abidalari [Monuments of Qazigulu]. Baku: Afpoligraf, 2017, 232 p. (in Azerbaijani)
Narimanov i. H. 1960-ci ilda Saritapada arxeoloji qazintilar [Archaeological excavations in Saritepe in 1960]. Tarix institutunun asarlari, 16-ci buraxili§ [Works of the Institute of History. Vol. 16]. Baku: Science, 1963, pp. 81-98. (in Azerbaijani).
Rasuloglu T. Niftali kurqanlari [Niftali burial mounds]. Azarbaycanda arxeologiya va etnoqrafiya elmlarinin son naticalarina hasr olunmu§ konfransin materiallari [Materials of the conference dedicated to the latest results of archaeological and ethnographic sciences in Azerbaijan]. Baku: Bilik, 1992, pp. 21-23 (in Azerbaijani).