Construction of diaspor in Ural: from the “society of migrants” to transboundary migrants

Abstract

In the formation of the ethno-cultural landscape of the Urals, the processes of integration of representatives of migrant, religious and ethnocultural minorities played an important role. In parallel, both individual and group integration mechanisms were applied. It is advisable to consider group adaptation strategies as a process of diaspora construction. The experience of the formation and development of diaspora groups clearly demonstrates the possibility of various cultural grounds for this process, both socially-confessional and actually ethnic. The presented article summarizes the dynamics of diaspora-building in the Urals, formulated the main problem fields for further historical research. Collective strategies for the integration of minorities have demonstrated that the diaspora is not a given. First and foremost, this is a specific way of life, the organization of human relations and ties. Diasporality demonstrates not only a huge variety of identification and institutional options, but also an amazing dynamics of internal transformation. In the middle of the XIX — beginning of the XXI centuries. migrant have become an integral part of the ethno-cultural mosaic of the Urals. The diaspora strategy and adaptation practice was based on social institutions and life practices. They were based on the idea of the unity of fate and the place of exodus, the value of memory about the «country of exodus' or "historical homeland'.