PROBLEMS OF COMPREHENSIVE CHEMICAL PROFILING OF MEDICINAL PLANTS
Abstract
Interest and attention to phytotherapy in Russia are increasing every year, which is consistent with global trends. Ensuring the growing demand inevitably leads to the appearance of phytopreparations of low quality and efficiency, and sometimes to a complete falsification of plant raw materials and preparations from it. Therefore, the pharmaceutical safety and quality of plant raw materials, herbal preparations and medicines from plant raw materials are among the most important problems in the field of medicine, biomedicine, pharmacognosy and phytochemistry. The review considers modern methodological approaches to solving problems of the problems mentioned, various concepts of identification, evaluation of the authenticity and quality control of herbal medicines using markers of various types and instrumental methods of chromatographic profiling (one of the methods of metabolic research) of plant compositions, spectral and hyphenated methods used to solve these problems, the issues of standardization of plant raw materials, drugs in and medicines based on it, the world experience in solving problems of assessing the quality of plant raw materials and phytopreparations and the state of research in Russia.
Downloads
Metrics
References
Zhang J., Wider B., Shang H., Li X., Ernst E. Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 2012, vol. 20, no. 1–2, pp. 100–106. DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2011.09.004.
Robinson M.M., Zhang X. The World Medicines Situation 2011 – Traditional Medicines: Global Situation, Issues and Challenges. 3rd ed. 2011. 14 p.
David B., Wolfender J.-L., Dias D.A. Phytochemistry Reviews, 2015, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 299–315. DOI: 10.1007/s11101-014-9367-z.
Di Pierro F. The Scientific World Journal, 2014, vol. 2014, article ID 732045. DOI: dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/732045.
Koehn F.E., Carter G.T. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2005, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 206–220. DOI: 10.1038/nrd1657.
McChesney J.D., Venkataraman S.K., Henri J.T. Phytochemistry, 2007, vol. 68, no. 14, pp. 2015–2022. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.04.032.
Li J.W.-H., Vederas J.C. Science, 2009, vol. 325, no. 5937, pp. 161–165. DOI: 10.1126/science.1168243.
Ekor M. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2014, vol. 4, p. 177. DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2013.00177.
Reshet'ko O.V., Gorshkova N.V., Lutsevich K.A., Semibratova A.M. Remedium, 2010, no. 5, pp. 30–33. (in Russ.).
Sidorenko V.S., Grollman A., Zharkov D.O. Nauka iz pervykh ruk, 2013, vol. 53–54, no. 5–6, pp. 22–33. (in Russ.).
WHO. Guidelines on Safety Monitoring of Herbal Medicines in Pharmacovigilance Systems. 2004. 82 p.
WHO. Guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants. 2003. 80 p.
Tkachev A.V. Issledovanie letuchikh veshchestv rastenii. [Research on plant volatiles]. Novosibirsk, 2008, 969 p. (in Russ.).
Tkachev A.V. Khimiia rastitel'nogo syr'ia, 2017, no. 3, pp. 5–37. (in Russ.). DOI: 10.14258/jcprm.2017032712.
Tkachev A.V., Prokusheva D.L., Domrachev D.V. Dikorastushchie efirnomaslichnye rasteniia Iuzhnoi Sibiri. [Wild essential oil plants of Southern Siberia]. Novosibirsk, 2017, 575 p. (in Russ.).
Rajani M., Kanaki N.S. Bioactive Molecules and Medicinal Plants, Springer: Berlin-Heidelberg, 2008, pp. 349–369. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-540-74603-4_19.
Mosihuzzaman M., Iqbal C.M. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 2009, vol. 80, pp. 2195–2230. DOI: 10.1515/ci.2009.31.1.20b
WHO. Quality control methods for medicinal plant materials. 1998. 115 p.
Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission. Pharmacopoeia of the People`s Republic of China, vol. 1, Beijing: People`s Medical Publishing House, 2005.
Upton R., Graff A., Jolliffe G., Langer R., Williamson E. American Herbal Pharmacopoeia: botanical pharmacognosy – microscopic characterization of botanical medecines, CRC Press, 2011, 800 p.
German Pharmacopoeia (Deutsches Arzneibuch – DAB 2012).
Gosudarstvennaia Farmakopeia Rossiiskoi Federatsii. Izdanie XIII v 3 tomakh [State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation. Edition XIII in 3 volumes]. [Electronic resource]. URL: http://www.femb.ru/feml. (in Russ.).
Japanese Pharmacopoeia 17th Edition. English Translation. Yakuji Nippo Ltd., 2017.
The British Pharmacopoeia Commission Secretariat of the Medicines, Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). British Pharmacopoeia. TSO (The Stationery Office), 2018.
European Pharmacopoeia Online. URL: http://online.pheur.org/EN/entry.htm.
Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission. Indian Pharmacopoeia, 2018.
United States Pharmacopeia 41 – National Formulary 36. 2018.
GOST ISO 11024-1-2014. Masla efirnye. Obshchee rukovodstvo po khromatograficheskim profiliam Ch. 1. Podgo-tovka khromatograficheskikh profilei dlia predstavleniia v standartakh. [GOST ISO 11024-1-2014. Essential oils. Gen-eral guidance on chromatographic profiles Part 1. Preparation of chromatographic profiles for presentation in standards]. Moskva, 2015, 12 p. (in Russ.).
GOST ISO 11024-2-2015. Masla efirnye. Obshchee rukovodstvo po khromatograficheskim profiliam Ch. 2. Pri-menenie khromatograficheskikh profilei prob efirnykh masel. [GOST ISO 11024-2-2015. Essential oils. General guid-ance on chromatographic profiles. Part 2. Application of chromatographic profiles of samples of essential oils]. Moskva, 2016, 10 p. (in Russ.)
Lindon J.C., Nicholson J.K., Holmes E. The Handbook of Metabonomics and Metabolomics. Elsevier, 2007. 572 p.
Johnson C.H., Ivanisevic J., Benton H.P., Siuzdak G. Analytical Chemistry, 2015, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 147–156. DOI: 10.1021/ac5040693.
Tawfike A.F., Viegelmann C., Edrada-Ebel R. Metabolomics Tools for Natural Product Discovery: Methods and Pro-tocols, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC., 2013, pp. 227–244.
Robinette S.L., Brüschweiler R., Schroeder F.C., Edison A.S. Accounts of Chemical Research, 2012, vol. 45, no. 2, pp. 288–297. DOI: 10.1021/ar2001606.
Sumner L.W., Mendes P., Dixon R.A. Phytochemistry, 2003, vol. 62, no. 6, pp. 817–836. DOI: 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00708-2.
Krug D., Müller R. Natural Product Reports, 2014, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 768–783. DOI: 10.1039/C3NP70127A.
Jiang M., Jiao. Y., Wang Y. PLoS ONE, 2014, vol. 9, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105412.e105412.
Crockett S.L., Khan D.I.A. Journal of Herbs, Spices and Medicinal Plants, 2003, vol. 10, no. 3, pp. 13–24. DOI: 10.1300/J044v10n03_03.
Joshi K., Chavan P., Warude D., Patwardhan B. Current Science, 2004, vol. 87, no. 2, pp. 159–165.
Li S., Han Q., Qiao C., Song J., Lung Cheng C., Xu H. Chinese Medicine, 2008, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 7. DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-3-7.
Li S., Zhao J., Yang B. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2011, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 802–809. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.12.011.
Bensoussan A., Lee S., Murray C., Bourchier S., van der Kooy F., Pearson J., Liu J., Chang D., Khoo C. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2015, vol. 97, no. 6, pp. 628–640. DOI: 10.1002/cpt.100.
Drašar P., Moravcova J. Journal of Chromatography B., 2004, vol. 812, no. 1–2, pp. 3–21. DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0801(199803/04)12:2%3C78::AID-BMC726%3E3.0.CO;2-U.
Zeng Z., Chau F.-t., Chan H.-y., Cheung C.-y., Lau T.-y., Wei S., Mok D. K.-w., Chan C.-o., Liang Y. Chinese Medi-cine, 2008, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 9. DOI: 10.1186/1749-8546-3-9.
Sahoo N., Manchikanti P., Dey S. Fitoterapia, 2010, vol. 81, no. 6, pp. 462–471. DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2010.02.001.
Xie P., Chen S., Liang Y.-z., Wang X., Tian R., Upton R. Journal of Chromatography A., 2006, vol. 1112, no. 1, pp. 171–180. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.12.091.
Jiang Y., David B., Tu P., Barbin Y. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2010, vol. 657, no. 1, pp. 9–18. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2009.10.024.
Liang Y.-Z., Xie P.-Z., Chan K. Planta Medica, 2010, vol. 76, no. 17, pp. 1997–2003. DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1250541.
Liu E.-H., Qi L.-W., Li K., Chu C., Li P. Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening, 2010, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 869–884.
Bucar F., Wube A., Schmid M. Natural Product Reports, 2013, vol. 30, no. 4, pp. 525–545. DOI: 10.1039/C3NP20106F.
Charlton A., Allnutt T., Holmes S., Chisholm J., Bean S., Ellis N., Mullineaux P., Oehlschlager S. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 2004, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 27–35. DOI: 10.1046/j.1467-7652.2003.00045.x.
Holmes E., Tang H., Wang Y., Seger C. Planta Medica, 2006, vol. 72, no. 9, pp. 771–785. DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-946682.
Kortesniemi M., Slupsky C.M., Ollikka T., Kauko L., Spevacek A.R., Sjövall O., Yang B., Kallio H. Food Research International, 2016, vol. 86, pp. 83–92. DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.05.014.
Forim M.R., Perlatti B., Costa E.S., Magnani R.F., de Souza G.D. Current Chromatography, 2015, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 20–31. DOI: 10.2174/2213240601666141113212732.
Giri L., Andola H.C., Purohit V.K., Rawat M.S.M., Rawal R.S., Bhatt I.D. Research Journal of Phytochemistry, 2010, vol. 4, no. 4, pp. 234–241. DOI: 10.3923/rjphyto.2010.234.241.
Tistaert C. amd Dejaegher B., Heyden Y.V. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2011, vol. 690, no. 2, pp. 148–161. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2011.02.023.
Joshi D. Herbal drugs and fingerprints. Evidence based herbal drugs, Springer, 2012, 252 p.
Wu H., Guo J., Chen S., Liu X., Zhou Y., Zhang X., Xu X. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2013, vol. 72, pp. 267–291. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.09.004.
Ernst M., Silva D.B., Silva R.R., Vencio R.Z.N., Lopes N.P. Natural Product Reports, 2014, vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 784–806. DOI: 10.1039/c3np70086k.
Gika H.G., Wilson I.D., Theodoridis G.A. Journal of Chromatography B, 2014, vol. 966, pp. 1–6. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.01.054.
Wolfender J.-L., Marti G., Thomas A., Bertrand S. Journal of Chromatography A, 2015, vol. 1382, pp. 136–164. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.10.091.
Hubert J., Nuzillard J.-M., Renault J.-H. Phytochemistry Reviews, 2017, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 55–95. DOI: 10.1007/s11101-015-9448-7.
WHO Regional Office for Western Pacific. Research guidelines for evaluating the safety and efficacy of herbal medi-cines, 1993, 84 p.
Liang Y.-Z., Xie P., Chan K. Journal of Chromatography B, 2004, vol. 812, no. 1–2, pp. 53–70. DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2004.08.041.
Alaerts G., Dejaegher B., Smeyers-Verbeke J., Heyden Y.V. Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening, 2010, vol. 13, no. 10, pp. 900–922. DOI: 10.2174/138620710793360284.
Gika H.G., Theodoridis G.A., Plumb R.S., Wilson I.D. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2014, vol. 87, pp. 12–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2013.06.032.
Steinmann D., Ganzera M. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2011, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 744–757. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.11.015.
García-Pérez I., Vallejo M., García A., Legido-Quigley C., Barbas C. Journal of Chromatography A, 2008, vol. 1204, no. 2, pp. 130–139. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2008.07.025.
Gotti R. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2011, vol. 55, no. 4, pp. 775–801. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.11.041.
Rabanes H.R., Guidote A.M., Quirino J.P. Electrophoresis, 2012, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 180–195. DOI: 10.1002/elps.201100223.
Kopka J., Fernie A., Weckwerth W., Gibon Y., Stitt M. Genome Biology, 2004, vol. 5, no. 6, p. 109. DOI: 10.1186/gb-2004-5-6-109.
Covington B.C., McLean J.A., Bachmann B.O. Natural Product Reports, 2017, vol. 34, no. 1, pp. 6–24. DOI: 10.1039/c6np00048g.
Wang M., Carver J.J., Phelan V.V. et al. Nat Biotech., 2016, vol. 34, no. 8, pp. 828–837. DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3597
Wohlgemuth G., Mehta S.S., Mejia R.F. et al. Nat Biotech., 2016, vol. 34, no. 11, pp. 1099–1101. DOI: 10.1038/nbt.3689.
Ratcliffe R.G., Roscher A., Shachar-Hill Y. Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, 2001, vol. 39, no. 4, pp. 267–300. DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2017.05.001.
Lerche M.H., Jensen P.R., Karlsson M., Meier S. Analytical Chemistry, 2015, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 119–132. DOI: 10.1021/ac501467x.
Krishnan P., Kruger N.J., Ratcliffe R.G. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2005, vol. 56, no. 410, pp. 255–265. DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eri010.
Colquhoun I.J. Journal of Pesticide Science, 2007, vol. 32, no. 3, pp. 200–212. DOI: 10.1584/jpestics.R07-03.
Kim H.K., Choi Y.H., Verpoorte R. Nature Protocols, 2010, vol. 5, pp. 536–549. DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2009.237.
Bligny R., Douce R. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 2001, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 191–196. DOI: 10.1016/S1369-5266(00)00160-6.
Eisenreich W., Bacher A. Phytochemistry, 2007, vol. 68, no. 22, pp. 2799–2815. DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2007.09.028.
Bailey N.J.C., Oven M., Holmes E., Zenk M.H., Nicholson J.K. Spectroscopy, 2004, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 279–287. DOI: 10.1155/2004/862164.
Gowda G.N., Raftery D. Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 2015, vol. 260, pp. 144–160. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2015.07.014.
Pauli G.F. Phytochemical Analysis, 2001, vol. 12, no. 1, pp. 28–42. DOI: 10.1002/1099-1565(200101/02)12:1%3C28::AID-PCA549%3E3.0.CO;2-D.
Wishart D.S. TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry, 2008, vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 228–237. DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2007.12.001.
Barding G.A., Salditos R., Larive C.K. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2012, vol. 404, no. 4, pp. 1165–1179. DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-6188-z.
Pauli G.F., Chen S.-N., Simmler C., Lankin D.C., Gödecke T., Jaki B.U., Friesen J.B., McAlpine J.B., Napolitano J.G. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry, 2014, vol. 57, no. 22, pp. 9220–9231. DOI: 10.1021/jm500734a.
Singh S., Roy R. Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery, 2016, vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 695–706. DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2016.1189899.
Chauthe S.K., Sharma R.J., Aqil F., Gupta R.C., Singh I.P. Phytochemical Analysis, 2012, vol. 23, no. 6, pp. 689–696. DOI: 10.1002/pca.2375.
Simmler C., Napolitano J.G., McAlpine J.B., Chen S.-N., Pauli G.F. Current Opinion in Biotechnology, 2014, vol. 25, pp. 51–59. DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2013.08.004.
Mo H., Harwood J., Zhang S., Xue Y., Santini R., Raftery D. Journal of Magnetic Resonance, 2009, vol. 200, no. 2, pp. 239–244. DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2009.07.004.
Mo H., Raftery D. Analytical Chemistry, 2008, vol. 80, no. 24, pp. 9835–9839. DOI: 10.1021/ac801938j.
Xia J., Bjorndahl T.C., Tang P., Wishart D.S. BMC Bioinformatics, 2008, vol. 9, no. 1, p. 507. DOI: 10.1186/1471-2105-9-507.
Larive C.K., Barding G.A., Dinges M.M. Analytical Chemistry, 2015, vol. 87, no. 1, pp. 133–146. DOI: 10.1021/ac504075g.
Nagana Gowda G.A., Raftery D. Analytical Chemistry, 2017, vol. 89, no. 1, pp. 490–510. DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b04420.
Smolinska A., Blanchet L., Buydens L.M., Wijmenga S.S. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2012, vol. 750, pp. 82–97. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.049.
Mercier P., Lewis M.J., Chang D., Baker D., Wishart D.S. Journal of Biomolecular NMR, 2011, vol. 49, no. 3, pp. 307–323. DOI: 10.1007/s10858-011-9480-x.
Kim H.K., Choi Y.H., Verpoorte R. Trends in Biotechnology, 2011, vol. 29, no. 6, pp. 267–275. DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2011.02.001.
Kumar D. Critical Reviews in Analytical Chemistry, 2016, vol. 46, no. 5, pp. 400–412. DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2015.1106932.
Markley J., Brüschweiler R., Edison A., Eghbalnia H., Powers R., Raftery D., Wishart D. Current Opinion in Biotech-nology, 2017, vol. 43, pp. 34–40. DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2016.08.001.
Bingol K., Brüschweiler R. Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care, 2015, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 471–477. DOI: 10.1097/IMCO.0000000000000206.
Bingol K., Bruschweiler-Li L., Yu C., Somogyi A., Zhang F., Brüschweiler R. Analytical Chemistry, 2015, vol. 87, no. 7, pp. 3864–3870. DOI: 10.1021/ac504633z.
Sarker S.D., Nahar L. Natural Products Isolation. Humana Press., 2005, pp. 233–267. DOI: 10.4103%2F2229-4708.72222.
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2006, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 491–804.
Wolfender J.-L., Ndjoko K., Hostettmann K. Journal of Chromatography A, 2003, vol. 1000, no. 1, pp. 437–455. DOI: 10.1016/S0021-9673(03)00303-0.
Elipe M.V.S. Analytica Chimica Acta, 2003, vol. 497, no. 1, pp. 1–25. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2003.08.048.
Allard P.-M., Genta-Jouve G., Wolfender J.-L. Current Opinion in Chemical Biology, 2017, vol. 36, pp. 40–49. DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2003.08.048.
Yang Z. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2006, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 516–527. DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2005.10.002.
Katajamaa M., Orešič M. Journal of Chromatography A, 2007, vol. 1158, no. 1–2, pp. 318–328. DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.04.021.
De Iorio M., Ebbels T.M.D., Stephens, D.A. Handbook of Statistical Genetics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., 2008, pp. 347–373. DOI: 10.1002/9780470061619.ch11.
Chagoyen M., Pazos F. Briefings in Bioinformatics, 2013, vol. 14, no. 6, pp. 737–744. DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbs055.
Worley B., Powers R. Current Metabolomics, 2013, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 92–107. DOI: 10.2174%2F2213235X11301010092
Evdokimova O.V. Razrabotka metodologii standartizatsii i kontrolia kachestva sredstv rastitel'nogo prois-khozhdeniia (garmonizatsiia, unifikatsiia, validatsiia): Diss. ... doktora farm. nauk. [Development of methodology for standardiza-tion and quality control of plant origin (harmonization, unification, validation): Diss. ... doctor farm. sciences.]. Moskva, 2012, 338 p. (in Russ.).
Kurkin V.A. Farmakognoziia. [Pharmacognosy]. Samara, 2004, 1180 p. (in Russ.).
Cherkashina E.V. Ekonomika i organizatsiia ratsional'nogo ispol'zovaniia i okhrany zemel' efiromaslichnoi i le-karstvennoi otrasli v Rossiiskoi Federatsii: Diss. ... doktora ekonom. nauk. [Economics and organization of rational use and protection of land in the essential oil and drug industry in the Russian Federation: Diss. ... doctor of economy. sci-ences.]. Moskva, 2014, 419 p. (in Russ.).
Farmatsevticheskii vestnik, 2009, no. 5 (537), URL: https://pharmvestnik.ru/publs/staryj-arxiv-gazety/12027.html. (in Russ.).
Kiseleva T.L., Smirnova Iu.A. Lekarstvennye rasteniia v mirovoi meditsinskoi praktike: gosudarstvennoe regulirovanie nomenklatury i kachestva. [Medicinal plants in world medical practice: state regulation of the nomenclature and quality]. Moscow, 2009, 295 p. (in Russ.).
Zenkevich I.G., Pimenov A.I., Pozharitskaia O.N., Shikov A.N., Makarov V.G. Rastitel'nye resursy, 2003, vol. 39, no. 3, pp. 143–152. (in Russ.).
Shemeriankina T.B., Sokol'skaia T.A., Dargaeva T.D. Voprosy biologicheskoi, meditsinskoi i farmatsevticheskoi khimii, 2010, no. 3, pp. 9–12. (in Russ.).
Sokol'skaia T.A., Dargaeva T.D., Shemeriankina T.B. Voprosy biologicheskoi, meditsinskoi i farmatsevticheskoi khi-mii, 2009, no. 3, pp. 10–13. (in Russ.).
Balandina I.A. Sovershenstvovanie printsipov i metodov farmakopeinogo analiza v sisteme standartizatsii lekarstven-nogo rastitel'nogo syr'ia i lekarstvennykh sredstv na ego osnove: Diss. ... doktora farm. nauk. [Improving the princi-ples and methods of pharmacopoeial analysis in the system of standardization of medicinal plant materials and medicines based on it: Diss. ... doctor farm. sciences.]. Moskva, 2004, 304 p. (in Russ.).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
The authors, which are published in this journal, agree to the following conditions:
1. Authors retain the copyright to the work and transfer to the journal the right of the first publication along with the work, at the same time licensing it under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows others to distribute this work with the obligatory indication of the authorship of this work and a link to the original publication in this journal .
2. The authors retain the right to enter into separate, additional contractual agreements for the non-exclusive distribution of the version of the work published by this journal (for example, to place it in the university depository or to publish it in a book), with reference to the original publication in this journal.
3. Authors are allowed to post their work on the Internet (for example, in a university repository or on their personal website) before and during the review process of this journal, as this may lead to a productive discussion, as well as more links to this published work.