THE STUDY OF THE CAROTENOID COMPOSITION OF THE FRUITS OF SEA BUCKTHORN DIFFERENT VARIE-TIES BY THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHY
UDC 615.19.072
Abstract
Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) is an object of general interest due to the high content of biologically active substances (BAS). Fruits contain water- and fat-soluble vitamins, organic acids, sugars, tannins, amino acids, flavonoids and carotenoids. The latter, in turn, give the fruits a typical yellow-orange color. Carotenoids (α-, β-, and γ-carotenes) make up 11% of the unsaponifiable fraction of sea buckthorn oil and are very valuable compounds for the cosmetics industry. Leading scientists of the world have found that carotenoids have antioxidant, antimutagenic and antitumor properties, and therefore are actively used for the prevention of cancer. The fruits of sea buckthorn are the raw materials for the pharmacopeia drug - sea buckthorn oil and a large number of various herbal medicines based on it. To separate and identify complex compounds, such as carotenoids, considerable attention is paid to the TLC method. In connection with the foregoing objective of the study was the study of the TLC profile of carotenoids of sea buckthorn fruits of various varieties.
Optimal chromatographic conditions were selected that ensure the best separation of carotenoid zones in a thin sorbent layer. In the used eluting system, satisfactory separation of the chromatographic zones of carotenoids is observed, since the value of sorption selectivity is greater than unity. To characterize the chromatographic profile of each variety, it is proposed to use a value of Rs that is more independent of the influence of various parameters and does not require standards. The difference in the obtained TLC profile of carotenoids of sea buckthorn fruits of representatives of ten different varieties, as well as for the fruits of a wild plant, was established. The maximum number of chromatographic zones is observed for the Ryabinovaya variety, and the minimum for the Stolichnaya variety. It was established that by the method of «fingerprints» it is possible to identify the sort of fruits of sea buckthorn by the type of chromatographic profile of carotenoids.
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