MUSLIMS IN THE RUSSIAN BORDER AREA: ADAPTATION OF MIGRANT WOMEN

Abstract

The relevance of the theoretical understanding of the problem of social adaptation and socialization of migrants in the host society is associated with the unprecedented growth of social mobility in the world and in Russia, in particular in the cross-border regions of the country. The scientific discourse of such studies is determined by the urgent need to develop effective practices that determine migration policy aimed at reducing social risks and conflict potential in the process of active inclusion of migrants in the Russian regions of arrival. The purpose of the article was to study the specifics of the adaptation of Muslim women, to identify gender characteristics, which is especially important in the context of the strengthening of the feminization of migration processes in the world. It presents the description of various components of adaptation of Muslim women, the analysis of their satisfaction and degree of trust. The forecast of possible conflicts in comparison with migrants by men is carried out. The analysis of the system of migration policy, the results of which are presented in the article, draws on the basic foundations of the structural and functional approaches, the essence of which in the context of migration is the transforming role of social mobility of the population, ensuring socially significant functions of migration in modern society. The results of sociological surveys among migrant women and men in seven border areas of Russia are used. The design of the study included a set of quantitative analysis of sociological surveys, qualitative analysis of interviews with migrants, as well as a description of biographies of women in the migration process presented in modern media, including the Internet. It is concluded that the most successfully adapted and assimilated women have the following advantages: the high level of education (higher or secondary special); the prestigious specialty or profession; the knowledge of laws and migration documents, the presence of relatives, successfully adapted in the region earlier, the presence of Russian friends; the young and working age, etc. The scientific novelty of the proposed provisions is the study of adaptation strategies of migrant women in the context of the interdependence of gender behavioral dispositions and objective globalization processes. Practical significance lies in the possibility of using the findings of the article for the forecast of security and effective and timely management decisions in the field of migration policy.