COMPARATIVE STUDY OF PECTIN SUBSTANCES OF SMALL-FRUITED APPLES OF THE ALTAI TERRITORY
UDC 637.072:664.292
Abstract
This article presents information about small-fruited apple trees (lat. Mālus), also called ranetki or semi-cultured apple trees, which are the main fruit crop in horticulture of the Altai region and are widely represented in its southern foothill and low-mountain, central and southern forest-steppe (Biysk) zones. The main directions of industrial processing of apple fruits and promising developments of Siberian scientists are shown, a description of some varieties of small-fruited apple trees zoned in the region or Altai selection is given. It has been established that, in addition to the target products in the processing of apple fruits, the production of pectin substances from their pomace or substandard fruits has good prospects. Pectin substances were obtained from five varieties of small-fruited apples "Dobrynya", "Sibirsky Souvenir", "Altai Zolotoe", "Yantarka Altaiskaya" and "Ranetka Purpurovaya" from the 2023 harvest; the pectin yield ranged from 2.74% for the Ranetka Purpurovaya variety to 3. 64% for the Dobrynya variety in terms of pomace. A study of the organoleptic characteristics of experimental pectin samples showed their identity, with the exception of color, which varied from light pink to cream, and compliance with the requirements of GOST 29186-91. The values of physicochemical indicators also met the requirements of regulatory documentation; in terms of the degree of esterification, all pectin samples belong to highly esterified pectin of medium or slow setting. Based on a comprehensive study of the properties of pectin isolated from different varieties of small-fruited apples, it is possible to recommend their joint processing without separating them into varieties.
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