POLYSACCHARIDES OF THE HYPOGYMNIA PHYSODES LICHEN: EXTRACTION, COMPOSITION, SORPTION PROPERTIES
UDC 582.29:547.91
Abstract
Three polysaccharides were extracted from the Hypogymnia physodes lichen by the method of sequential disassembly of the plant matrix: lichenan, isolichenan and a mixture of acidic heteropolysaccharides with a yield of 5.0, 1.8 and 0.3%, respectively, as well as a still residue (melanin-carbohydrate complex). The polysaccharides have a molecular weight of 20-59 kDa and high polydispersity. The monosaccharide composition of the extracted polysaccharides indicates that lichenan and isolichenan belong to the class of glucans (the glucose content in the structure is 77-87%), while acidic heteropolysaccharides belong to the class of glucogalactomannans (the content of glucose, galactose and mannose in the structure is 54, 23 and 21%, respectively). The pH-metric method and the Hammett indicator method revealed that several types of ionogenic groups of acidic and basic nature, capable of participating in exchange reactions with ions of heavy metals and organic dyes, are present on the surface of lichenan and melanin-carbohydrate complex. It was established that lichenan and melanin-carbohydrate complex have high adsorption activity to methylene blue (sorption capacity is up to 230 mg/g) and congo red (270-1000 mg/g), as well as a number of heavy metal ions: Cu(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Hg(II), Ag(I), Cr(VI). The highest sorption capacity was shown for copper ions (up to 406 mg/g) and mercury ions (up to 375 mg/g), which allow us to recommend using the extracted lichen polysaccharide complexes as sorption materials.
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