COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF APPLE FRUITS OF ALTAI VARIETIES AS A SOURCE OF NUTRITIOUS AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES

UDC 634.11/124:632.52:581

  • Sergey Aleksandrovich Makarenko Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences Email: sirius0775@mail.ru
Keywords: apple tree, variety, soluble solids, acids, sugars, ascorbic acid

Abstract

A comparative analysis of the varietal variability of the fruits of 71 varieties of apple trees of Altai selection in terms of biochemical composition, according to generally accepted methods using statistical variation analysis based on long-term research, was carried out. Correlations were revealed between the content of chemical elements depending on other characteristics of the fruit and the period of ripening. The average content of soluble dry matter in fruits is from an average 15.5% in summer varieties to a high 16.2–16.3% in varieties with autumn and winter ripening. On average, the content of total sugars in fruits is high and varies insignificantly from 12.7 to 12.9%, the content of titratable acids in fruits is high – 1.0%. The content of ascorbic acid is higher in fruits of varieties with summer ripening and is 24.0 mg / 100 g, with autumn – 19.6 mg / 100 g, with winter – 22.0 mg / 100 g. As a result of selection for the qualitative improvement of fruits apple trees in Altai revealed a negative correlation of the biochemistry of the fetus, depending on its size for all indicators. Fruits of a significant part of varieties created in Altai have good taste, of which 27 have a sugar-acid index of 15–25. The fruits of the varieties Alpek, Altai Velvet, Altai New Year, Altai ruddy, Altai sweet, Gornoaltayskoe, Zolotaya taiga, Pepinka Altai have a very high sugar content of more than 15%, a high value of the sum of sugars – in fruits of 59 varieties from 10.0 to 14.9%. Varieties with high biochemical characteristics are their sources in breeding for improved biochemical composition of fruits.

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Author Biography

Sergey Aleksandrovich Makarenko, Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

доктор сельскохозяйственных наук, главный научный сотрудник Свердловской селекционной станции садоводства

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Published
2021-09-27
How to Cite
1. Makarenko S. A. COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE BIOCHEMISTRY OF APPLE FRUITS OF ALTAI VARIETIES AS A SOURCE OF NUTRITIOUS AND BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES // chemistry of plant raw material, 2021. № 3. P. 245-252. URL: http://journal.asu.ru/cw/article/view/9177.
Section
Low-molecular weight compounds