CONTENTS OF MAIN ORE METALS IN MEDICAGO FALCATA OF NORTH-WESTERN ALTAI TECHNOGENIC LANDSCAPES
UDC 550.47
Abstract
The objective of the study was to assess the content and to identify the features of main ore chemical elements accumulation and distribution in Medicago falcate growing in environment technogenic pollution conditions. The content of Zn, Cu, Pb in substrates, soils and in alfalfa (roots and shoots) growing in the tailings dumps of the Altai Mining and Processing Plant (AMPP) and in its environs was determined using atomic absorption spectrometry. It was found that 85% of alfalfa samples are characterized by increased concentrations of Zn (50–135 mg/kg of dry above-ground mass), but in areas remote from the dumps its content in alfalfa decreases to a deficit level. The content of Cu (6.5–25.9 mg/kg) in alfalfa growing in tailings dumps is higher than the background level, but does not exceed foreign standards for forage grasses. The concentration of Pb in alfalfa from the old unreclaimed AMPP tailing dump (11.31–18.47 mg/kg) is higher than in alfalfa growing on the new reclaimed waste dump (1.5–7.08 mg/kg), significantly exceeding background values and literature data. The highest content of Zn, Cu, Pb in alfalfa roots and in the upper layer of the substrate was found on the surface of the new AMPP tailing near the spontaneous household waste dump, which is an example of two environmental pollution factors combined effect. High Zn concentrations in alfalfa on the new reclaimed tailing dump are explained by additional absorption of the toxicant from the dust settling on the surface of the leaf blade, as well as penetration of alfalfa roots on the tailing dump material burial depth with extremely high concentrations of metals. In the range of metal uptake rates by alfalfa in the studied technogenic landscapes, zinc is classified as a highly accumulative element (Ax>1), while copper is a moderately accumulative element (0.1<Ax<1). As the Cu and Zn content in the substrates increases, the intensity of their uptake by alfalfa naturally decreases. It is necessary to determine the maximum permissible level of heavy metals that is innocuous for the growth and development of alfalfa.
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