THERMAL PARAMETERS OF TORREFACTS AND BIOCHAR OBTAINED FROM THE POST-EXTRACTION RESIDUE OF SPRUCE NEEDLES
UDC 544-971+674.02
Abstract
Torrefacts and biochar were first obtained as a result of pyrolysis at 250, 350, 450, 550, 650 °C of the natural spruce needles (Picea obovata Ledeb.) post-extraction by water-amino alcohol solid residue. They were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetry (TG/DTG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The change of the needles natural tissues during the biochar formation was established by SEM. According to the energy-dispersive X-ray spectra of the elemental composition of mineral inclusions randomly distributed on the surface and internal structures of biochar 8 elements were found – Al, Si, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, P, Br. By deconvolution of the DTG and DSC contours, the process of oxidative thermal degradation of torrefacts and biochar is visualized in detail. For each pyrolysis product, the main kinetic parameters of thermal decomposition in an oxidizing medium are calculated: the activation energy (varies between 53.3–195.3 kJ/mol) and the rate constant of thermal degradation reactions (varies from 0.17 to 0.24 min-1). The dependence of the yield of torrefacts and biochar on the pyrolysis temperature of PERN is approximated by a polynomial of the 3rd degree, R2 = 0.999. The calorific value of biochar (according to DSC data) varies from 23.15 to 25.41 MJ/kg. The thermal stability of torrefacts and biochar is symbate with the pyrolysis temperature of PERN and increases from 370 to 476 °C when they are heated at a rate of 20 °C/min to 900 °C. The results of the study can be used to develop optimal compositions {sawdust}-{torreficate (biochar)} in the production of fuel materials with
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