PREPARATION OF STARCH-BASED HYDROGELS USING VARIOUS CROSSLINKING AGENTS
UDC 544.773.432:547.458.82
Abstract
This study presents the results of synthesizing and characterizing starch-based hydrogels crosslinked with different reagents: lactic acid, maleic anhydride, and phthalic anhydride. The objective was to investigate the effects of crosslinking agent type and concentration, as well as synthesis duration, on the physicochemical and functional properties of these hydrogels. Sixteen samples were synthesized, and their key parameters were determined: swelling degree (1.18–1.88 g/g), gel fraction (63–85%), sorption capacity, rheological properties, and IR spectroscopic characteristics. Optimal synthesis duration for achieving maximum swelling was found to be 2 hours. The highest swelling degree and sorption capacity were observed in hydrogels crosslinked with phthalic anhydride, which also demonstrated controlled release of sorbed substances. Tests assessed the impact of these hydrogels on the germination and morphological parameters of wheat sprouts (cv. 'Altai 70'). The hydrogels, particularly when combined with carboxymethylated wood additive, enhanced germination rate, stem length, and plant biomass. IR spectroscopy confirmed the formation of ester bonds in the hydrogel structure, while rheological analysis revealed an increase in reaction mixture viscosity during crosslinking. These findings highlight the potential of phthalic anhydride-modified starch hydrogels for agricultural applications.
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