PROSPECTS OF CELLULOSE NITRATES FROM UNCONVENTIONAL FEEDSTOCKS FOR USE IN COMPOSITE EX-PLOSIVES
Abstract
Research on the synthesis of in-demand industrial-grade cellulose nitrates from unconventional feedstocks such as Miscanthus, oat hulls, intermediate flax straw is of the most immediate interest due to a lack of national cotton and to encountered problems with wood cellulose. The celluloses derived herein from the said unconventional feedstocks are inhomogeneous in nature, are composed mostly of short fibers, and have non-cellulosic constituents as opposed to elite cotton – these all pose certain difficulties in developing such a nitrocellulose production technology. Besides, it is worth noting that cellulosic fibers of the said feedstocks are peculiar in nature on their own. The findings obtained herein suggest that the research problem can successfully be solved. The pulp samples obtained in this study from the unconventional biomasses by the nitric-acid process have 85−95% α-cellulose and 580−1420 degree of polymerization. These specimens similar in properties to industrial Colloxylin were obtained under optimal synthetic conditions for highly soluble cellulose nitrates by using commercial mixed acid: 11.97–12.29% N, 8–15 mPa∙s, and 98% solubility in alcohol–ester mixture. The morphological features of the resultant cellulose nitrates were characterized by scanning electron microscopy. Infrared spectroscopy revealed the intrinsic frequencies (2560–2550, 1670–1660, 1650–1620, 1280–1270, 830–810, 750–740, 680–670 cm-1) that identify the resultant products as cellulose nitroesters. The practical importance of this research is that the nitrocelluloses obtained from the unconventional non-woody feedstocks can be used as the promising component in the manufacture of explosive formulations.
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