CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FRUIT AND OIL SILYBUM MARIANUM, GROWING IN THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF DAGESTAN
Abstract
The object of the study were the fruits of milk thistle spotted (Silybum marianum L.) and fatty oil obtained from them by supercritical fluid extraction of carbon dioxide.
The aim of the study was to determine the chemical composition of fruits and fatty oil of milk thistle, growing in the Republic of Dagestan; to determine the quality and content of fatty acids in milk Thistle oil by gas-liquid chromatography with mass-selective detection. It is established that the fruits of Silybum marianum: contains 26±1% fatty oil and 3.4% of flavolignans; characterized by a low content of potassium, magnesium and calcium and a high content of microelements: iron, copper, zinc, chromium, strontium, manganese. The content of cadmium and lead in fruits does not exceed the MPC for medicinal plant raw materials. The indicators of oil quality from Thistle fruits are determined: the number of saponification is 187, the essential number is 183, the acid number is 4, the iodine number is 115 and the peroxide number is 2.7.
It was found that the main components of the oil obtained by supercritical fluid extraction with carbon dioxide are: linoleic (omega-6) 64±2%; oleic (omega-9) 23±1%; palmitic 7.7±0.4%; stearic 3.0±0.2%; arachinic 1.5±0.7% and myristic acid 0.17±0.06%. In the oil from the fruit of Silybum marianum discovered: potassium 13; calcium 0.5; iron 0.2; chromium 0.2; magnesium and sodium at 0.1 mg/kg.
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