PREPARATION OF NANOCELLULOSE FROM NON-WOOD PLANT RAW MATERIALS
Abstract
The purpose of this work was to study the possibility of obtaining nanocellulose (NC) by ultrasonic (US) processing in the medium of liquid nitrogen (LN) powdered cellulose. To achieve this goal, it was necessary to determine the effect of the time of ultrasonic treatment in the medium of LN on the dispersed composition, crystallinity index and degree of polymerization (DP) of cellulose samples. Studies were performed using a powder X-ray diffractometer, a laser particle analyzer, and a scanning and transmission electron microscope. DP of cellulose was determined by the viscosity of its solution in cadoxene by the standard method. It has been found that cryogenic grinding of flax cellulose samples does not lead to significant changes in its structural modification and degree of crystallinity, which indicates the high resistance of this material to such effects. However, ultrasonic exposure in the medium of LN with the subsequent treatment with 25%, 45%, 65% H2SO4 allows to obtain cellulose nanospheres with a diameter of 48 to 437 nm and a yield of up to 40%. Unlike other types of nanoparticles (nanofibrillary, nanocrystalline cellulose), cellulose nanospheres have a larger surface area, which opens up the possibility of their effective use for the modification of composite materials.
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