DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY FOR THE PREPARATION AND USE OF HISTOLOGICAL DYES ON THE BASIS OF EXTRACTS OF BLACK ELDERBERRY AND THE MARIGOLD AND MELILOT FLOWERS
Abstract
On the basis of ethanol extracts of fruits of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.), marigold (Tagetes patula L.) and melilot (Melilotus officinalis L.) flowers new histological dyes were obtained. Anthocyanins of elderberry fruits that contain a positively charged oxygen provide basic properties of the corresponding dye, which selectively stains the nuclei and the basophilic structures of the cytoplasm. Donor-acceptor bonds between the heterocyclic oxygen atom of anthocyanins and a metal-complexing agent (copper) in the copper sulfate play an important role in the staining mechanism. Flavonoids of the marigold and melilot flowers, by contrast, show weakly acidic properties due to the presence of hydroxyl groups and predominantly stain the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. The chemical mechanism of the staining can be explained by the formation of stable complexes between ferric ions and phenolic hydroxyl and carbonyl groups of flavonoids. In this regard, the new stains should be considered as mordant dyes. Their advantages include the availability and wide distribution of vegetable raw materials, usage of nontoxic and affordable ingredients, easy preparation of solutions and the possibility of their long-term storage and reuse. Moreover, the nuclear dye from black elderberry can be used for combined histological staining with cytoplasmic dyes based on the marigold and melilot flowers.
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References
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