CHARACTERISTICS OF PRUNUS ARMENIACA (ROSACEAE) FRUITS BY THE CONTENT OF CAROTENOIDS, PHENOLIC COMPONENTS AND CARBOHYDRATES
UDC 543.9:634.2
Abstract
The present study is necessary for a deeper study of the beneficial and biologically active substances contained in the fruits of Prunus armeniaca L. (Rosaceae). Plant material belonging to 5 varieties – Lel, Tsarsky, Vodolej, Zachatievsky and Guiani of Moscow selection, was collected at the stage of technical ripeness in Moscow in July-August 2022–2023. The purpose of this work is to investigate varietal specifics by studying the content of carotenoids, the amount of flavonoids, phenolic carboxylic acids (chlorogenic, ferulic, coffee) and carbohydrates (mono-, polysaccharides, pectin substances) in fresh and dried apricot fruits of Moscow selection. A comparative analysis of the main biochemical parameters of fresh apricot fruits in terms of dry weight and dried at 40° C revealed trends in changes in chemical composition, nutritional value, as well as varietal specifics of the studied samples. It is noted that during the drying process, the amount of carotenoids in fruits decreases by 10–60%; the proportion of monosaccharides increased from 30 to 200% and pectin substances from 3 to 65%, depending on the variety. The total amount of flavonoids and sugars remained at the level of 97–99% in the dried fruits of most varieties.
According to organoleptic indicators, dried fruits are better in the Tsarsky, Lel and Guiani varieties. For the first time, phenol-carboxylic acids were determined in apricot fruits of the Moscow selection, the maximum proportion of these substances in the Aquarius variety was noted. The results obtained can be used in the selection of apricot varieties and for the selection of recommendations for the nutritional use of fruits.
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