FORMATION OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE VOLATILE FRACTION OF TREE GREENERY OF SCOTS PINE IN THE ANNUAL CYCLE
UDC 582.477, 615.28, 661.74
Abstract
The annual dynamics of accumulation and features of the chemical composition of essential oil extracted from the tree greenery of the common pine grown in the North taiga zone was studied in the paper. It was shown that the essential oil content varies from 1 to 2.4% during the annual cycle. The chemical composition of the essential oil is not constant and varies depending on the growing season and the age of the needles. The main part of the essential oil is made up of monoterpene hydrocarbons – up to 60%, depending on the season and the age of the needles. Oxygen-containing derivatives account for 14.4–35.2%, sesquiterpenes – 11.6–27.8%. The main components of the monoterpene fraction of pine needles are: α-pinene, β-pinene, ∆3-carene, β-phellandrene. ∆-cadinene should be noted among the sesquiterpene compounds; its content is most significant and reaches 4.5–6.1%. To obtain a representative sample of essential oil enriched with monoterpene compounds with high antibacterial activity, it is recommended to collect tree greenery of scots pine at the end of the growing season before the dormant period on the territories with insufficient illumination.
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