APPLICATION OF PLANT ORIGIN SORBENTS FOR EXTRACTION OF POLYCHLORINORED BIPHENYLS FROM THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
UDC 543.544:547.562.33+674.8
Abstract
The purpose of the work was to study the possibility of using sorbents of plant origin (native and chemically modified wood sawdust of various species) as filter materials for the neutralization of wastewater containing polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Native samples of sawdust from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and linden (Tilia europaea) wood with a particle size of 0.75–2.00 mm, as well as Siberian cedar (Pinus sibirica) shells with a particle size of 0.55–0.75 mm, which are waste wood processing, have been studied as an alternative to active carbons (AC). The sorption properties of lignocellulose-containing sorbents were studied in a static mode using the example of sorption of both the sum of PCBs and groups of PCB congeners from aqueous media. The concentration of PCBs in model aqueous solutions before and after sorption was determined by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. It has been shown that 100% recovery of PCBs is achieved in 4 days when using pine sawdust (comparable to activated carbon), and in 7 days in the presence of pine nut shells. The use of pine sawdust is more effective for removing highly chlorinated PCBs from water, while AC is preferable for the extraction of di- and trichlorinated biphenyls. For the sorbent based on linden sawdust, the degree of PCB recovery reached 94% only after 14 days. It has been established that chemical modification of natural sorbents with a 5N HNO3 solution increases the degree of PCB extraction by linden sawdust. It has been proven that the PCB extraction efficiency remains up to 91–97% upon repeated use of the studied sorbents without their corresponding regeneration. When studying the desorption of PCBs after accumulation over a certain period (from 1 to 14 days) in the composition of sorbents, it was found that the degree of desorption of PCBs from AC was 10%, from pine nut shells – 30%, from native and chemically modified pine and linden sawdust - 46 and 65% respectively. Linden wood sawdust with a particle size of 0.75–2.00 mm can be recommended as a sorption material most suitable for implementing the “sorption-desorption” cycle of PCBs.
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