NUT SHELL TORREFACTION: KINETICS AND PROPERTIES OF BIO-CARBON
UDC 630.867
Abstract
The process of wet torrefaction of hazelnut shells in a fluidized bed has been studied. It is shown that without the use of a catalyst, when the temperature of the torrefaction process changes from 200 to 300 ° C the humidity of the sample decreases by 70.7%, the ash content increases by 4.2 times, the carbon content increases by 18.5%, the oxygen content decreases by 11.7%, and the heat of combustion of the biochar sample increases by 16.9%. The use of olivine sand has no noticeable effect on the chemical composition of bio-coal in comparison with bio-coal obtained by wet torrefaction without the use of a catalyst. However, the use of a catalyst significantly reduce the required duration of the wet torrefaction process and slightly increase the mass loss of the sample during torrefaction. Without the use of a catalyst, the activation energy of a hazelnut shell sample during wet torrefaction is 20.48 kJ/mol. The presence of a 20% catalyst in the layer increases the activation energy to 32 kJ/mol; in the presence of 50% olivine sand particles in the layer (by weight) the activation energy of the hazelnut shell increases to 50 kJ/mol.
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