EXPLORING THE USE OF RICE HUSK PROCESSING BYPRODUCTS IN COMPOSITE SUPERABSORBENT MATERIAL SYNTHESIS
UDC 544.773.432
Abstract
Rice husk, a byproduct of rice grain cleaning, is an agricultural waste rich in polysaccharide and silicon fractions. Its disposal through burning harms the environment and results in the loss of a valuable raw material for producing various chemical technology products. This study aimed to synthesize composite superabsorbents from the carboxymethylated polysaccharide fraction of rice husk and to evaluate the water absorption characteristics of the resulting polymers. The polysaccharide fraction was extracted through sequential acid and alkaline hydrolysis, followed by carboxymethylation to enhance water solubility. The synthesized products were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The carboxymethylated rice husk derivative was utilized in the synthesis of composite superabsorbents, which demonstrated water-absorbing properties comparable to those of commercial carboxymethyl cellulose. Notably, these superabsorbents exceeded commercially available samples in terms of water absorption performance. An analysis of the swelling behavior of the synthesized superabsorbents revealed that the process is governed by chemisorption. It was observed that water molecule diffusion within the polymer matrix occurred at a slower rate compared to samples derived from commercial carboxymethyl cellulose. These findings highlight the potential of rice husk-derived materials as promising components for the synthesis of composite superabsorbents.
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