Аннотация
Обобщен передовой научный опыт и современные гипотезы о влиянии погодных условий на характер миграции птиц, существующие в орнитологической литературе на конец двадцатого столетия. Приводятся результаты исследований, выполненных в различных регионах мира, выделена стимулирующая и блокирующая роль погодных факторов. Систематизированы разнообразные научные данные о взаимосвязи миграции и погодных условий. Выявлены основные атмосферные факторы, оказывающие мощное влияние на характер и интенсивность миграционных процессов.
Ключевые слова: миграция, птицы, метеорологические параметры, обзор
Литература
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Дольник В. Р. Программа “Эксперимент”: сравнение методов наблюдения пролета птиц // Методы обнаружения и учета миграций птиц. - Л., - 1981b. - С. 3-7.
Жалакявичус М. Связь миграций птиц с погодными условиями. Моделирование и прогнозирование / Изучение, моделирование и прогнозирование сезонных миграций птиц, Вильнюс, - 1987. - С. 116-149.
Назаренко Л.Ф., Амонский Л.А. Влияние синоптических процессов и погоды на миграцию птиц в Причерноморье. – Киев-Одесса: Вища школа, 1986. – 183 с.
Якоби В.Э. Радиолокационные и визуальные наблюдения за весенним перелетом морских уток на западном побережье Эстонии. // Сообщения Прибалтийской комиссии по изучению миграций птиц. – Тарту. – 1983. - №16. – С. 24-37.
Able K.P. The role of weather variables and flight direction in determining the magnitude of nocturnal bird migration // Ecology. -1973. -54. -P. 1031-1041.
Alerstam T. Nocturnal migration of thrushes (Turdus spp.) in southern Sweden // Oikos. -1976. -27. -P. 467-75.
Alerstam T. Optimal use of wind by migrating birds: combined drift and overcompensation // J. Theor. Biol. -1979. -79. -P. 341-353.
Alerstam T. Wind as selective agent in bird migration // Ornis Scand. -1979. -10.- P. 76-93.
Bergman G., Donner K.O. An analysis of the spring migration of the Common Scoter and the Long Tailed Duck in southern Finland // Acta Zool. Fenn. -1964. -105. -P. 1-59.
Bingman V.P., Aple K.P., Kerlinger P. Wind drift, compensation and the use of landmarks by nocturnal bird migrants // Anim. Behav. - 1982. -30. -P. 49-53.
Blokpoel H., Richardson W.J. Weather and spring migration of Snow geese across southern Manitoba // Oikos. -1978. -30. -P. 350-363.
Bruderer B. Radar studies on nocturnal bird migration in the Negev // Ostrich. -1994. -65. -P. 204-212.
Bruderer B. Migratory directions of birds under the influence of wind and topography // RIN Symposium Orientation & Navigation Birds, Humans & other animals. Oxford. -1997. - 27. -P. 1-10.
Bruderer B. Three decades of tracking radar studies on bird migration in Europe and the Middle East // Proc. Intern. Seminar on Birds and Flight Safety in the Middle East Israel, April 25-29. -1999. -P. 21-29.
Bruderer B., Leichti F. Variation in density and height distribution of nocturnal migration in the south of Israel // Israel J. Zoology. -1997. -41(3).- P. 477-489.
Bruderer B., Underhill L.G., Leichti F. Altitude choice of night migrants in a desert area predicted by meteorological factors // Ibis. -1997. -137. -P. 44-45.
Drury W.H., Nisbet I.C.T. Radar studies of orientation of songbird migrants in south eastern New England // Bird Banding. -1964. -35. -P. 69-119.
Evans P.R. Migration and orientation of passerine night migrants in northeast England // J. Zool. -1966. -150. - P. 319-369.
Flock W.L., Bellrose F.C. Radar detection of birds: a radar study of bird migration in the Central United States // Proc., World Conf. on Bird Hazards to Aircraft, Sept. 2-5, 1969, Ottawa, Ontario. -1970. -P. 35-38.
Fortin D., Leichti F, Bruderer, B. Variation in the nocturnal flight behavior of migratory birds along the northwest coast of the Mediterranean Sea // Ibis. -1999. -141. -P. 480-488.
Gauthreaux S.A. Weather radar quantification of bird migration // Bioscience. -1970. -20. -P. 17-20.
Gauthreaux S.A. A radar and direct visual study of passerine spring migration in southern Louisiana // Auk. 1971. -88. -P. 343-365.
Hassler S.S., Graber R.R., Bellrose F.C Fall migration and weather, a radar study // Wilson Bull. -1963. -75. -P. 56-77.
Helbig A.J., Wiltshko W., Laske V. Optimal use of the wind by Mediterranean migrants // Proc . First Conf. Birds Wintering Mediterranean Region Aulla. -1986. -P. 169-197.
Hilgelroh G. Autumn migration of trans Saharan migrating passerines in the Straits of Gibraltar // Auk. -1989. -106. -P. 233-239.
Kerlinger P., Moore F.R. Atmospheric structure and avian migration. In: Power D. (ed) Current ornithology, N.Y.: Plenum. 1989. Vol 6. -P. 109-142.
Leichti, F., Bruderer, B., Paproth H. Quantification of nocturnal bird migration by moonwatching comparison with radar and infrared observations // J. Field Orn. -1995. -66. -P. 574-568.
Nisbet I.C.T., Drury W.H. Short term effects of weather on bird migration: a field study using multivariate statistics // Anim. Behav. -1968. -16. -P. 496-530.
Rabol J. The orientation systems of long distance passerine migrants displaced in autumn from Denmark to Kenya // Ornis Scand. -1993. -24. -P. 183-196
Richardson W.J. Temporal variations in the volume of bird migration: a radar study in Canada // Proc. World Conf. on Bird Hazards to Aircraft. Kingston, Ontario. -1970. -P. 323-334.
Richardson W.J. Reorientation of nocturnal landbird migrants over the Atlantic ocean near Nova Scotia on autumn // Auk. -1978. -95. -P. 717-732.
Richardson W.J. Timing of bird migration in relation to weather: updated review. In: Bird Migration: Physiology and Ecophysiology (ed. E. Gwinner), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 1990. -P. 78-101.
Richardson W.J. Wind and orientation of migrating birds: a review. In: Orientation in Birds (ed. P. Berthold), Birkhauser, Basel, Boston, Berlin. 1991. -P. 226-249.
Walker J.M., Venables W.A. Weather and bird migration // Weather. -1990. -46. -P. 47-56.
Zalakevicius M., Zalakevicius R. Global climate change impact on birds: a review of research in Lithuania // Folia Zoologica. -2001. -50(1). -P. 1-17.
*
REFERENCES
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Jakobi, V.Je. (1983). Radiolokacionnye i vizual'nye nabljudenija za vesennim pereletom morskih utok na zapadnom poberezh'e Jestonii. Soobshhenija Pribaltijskoj komissii po izucheniju migracij ptic. 16, 24-37.
Able, K.P. (1973). The role of weather variables and flight direction in determining the magnitude of nocturnal bird migration. Ecology. 54, 1031-1041.
Alerstam, T. (1976). Nocturnal migration of thrushes (Turdus spp.) in southern Sweden. Oikos. 27, 467-475.
Alerstam, T. (1979). Optimal use of wind by migrating birds: combined drift and overcompensation. J. Theor. Biol. 79, 341-353.
Alerstam, T. (1979). Wind as selective agent in bird migration. Ornis Scand. 10, 76-93.
Bergman, G., Donner, K.O. (1964). An analysis of the spring migration of the Common Scoter and the Long Tailed Duck in southern Finland. Acta Zool. Fenn. 105, 1-59.
Bingman, V.P., Aple, K.P., Kerlinger, P. (1982). Wind drift, compensation and the use of landmarks by nocturnal bird migrants. Anim. Behav. 30, 49-53.
Blokpoel, H., Richardson, W.J. (1978). Weather and spring migration of Snow geese across southern Manitoba. Oikos. 30, 350-363.
Bruderer, B. (1994). Radar studies on nocturnal bird migration in the Negev. Ostrich. 65, 204-212.
Bruderer, B. (1997). Migratory directions of birds under the influence of wind and topography. RIN Symposium Orientation & Navigation Birds, Humans & other animals. Oxford.
Bruderer, B. (1999). Three decades of tracking radar studies on bird migration in Europe and the Middle East. Proc. Intern. Seminar on Birds and Flight Safety in the Middle East. Israel.
Bruderer, B., Leichti, F. (1997). Variation in density and height distribution of nocturnal migration in the south of Israel. Israel J. Zoology. 41(3), 477-489.
Bruderer, B., Underhill, L.G., Leichti, F. (1997). Altitude choice of night migrants in a desert area predicted by meteorological factors. Ibis. 137, 44-45.
Drury, W.H., Nisbet, I.C.T. (1964). Radar studies of orientation of songbird migrants in south eastern New England. Bird Banding. 35, 69-119.
Evans, P.R. (1966). Migration and orientation of passerine night migrants in northeast England. J. Zool. 150, 319-69.
Flock, W.L., Bellrose, F.C. (1970). Radar detection of birds: a radar study of bird migration in the Central United States. Proc., World Conf. on Bird Hazards to Aircraft. Ottawa, Ontario.
Fortin, D., Leichti, F, Bruderer, B. (1999). Variation in the nocturnal flight behavior of migratory birds along the northwest coast of the Mediterranean Sea. Ibis. 141, 480-488.
Gauthreaux, S.A. (1970). Weather radar quantification of bird migration. Bioscience. 20, 17- 20.
Gauthreaux, S.A. (1971). A radar and direct visual study of passerine spring migration in southern Louisiana. Auk. 88, 343-365.
Hassler, S.S., Graber, R.R., Bellrose, F.C. (1963). Fall migration and weather, a radar study. Wilson Bull. 75, 56-77.
Helbig, A.J., Wiltshko, W., Laske, V. (1986). Optimal use of the wind by Mediterranean migrants. Proc . First Conf. Birds Wintering Mediterranean Region Aulla.
Hilgelroh, G. (1989). Autumn migration of trans Saharan migrating passerines in the Straits of Gibraltar. Auk. 106, 233-239.
Kerlinger, P., Moore, F.R. (1989). Atmospheric structure and avian migration. In: Power D. (Ed.) Current ornithology, N.Y.: Plenum.
Leichti, F., Bruderer, B., Paproth, H. (1995). Quantification of nocturnal bird migration by moonwatching comparison with radar and infrared observations. J. Field Orn. 66, 574-568.
Nisbet, I.C.T., Drury, W.H. (1968). Short term effects of weather on bird migration: a field study using multivariate statistics. Anim. Behav. 16, 496-530.
Rabol, J. (1993). The orientation systems of long distance passerine migrants displaced in autumn from Denmark to Kenya. Ornis Scand. 24, 183-196
Richardson, W.J. (1970). Temporal variations in the volume of bird migration: a radar study in Canada. Proc. World Conf. on Bird Hazards to Aircraft. Kingston, Ontario.
Richardson, W.J. (1978). Reorientation of nocturnal landbird migrants over the Atlantic ocean near Nova Scotia on autumn. Auk. 95, 717-732.
Richardson, W.J. (1990). Timing of bird migration in relation to weather: updated review. In: Bird Migration: Physiology and Ecophysiology (E. Gwinner, Ed.), Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
Richardson, W.J.(1991). Wind and orientation of migrating birds: a review. In: Orientation in Birds (ed. P. Berthold), Birkhauser, Basel, Boston, Berlin.
Walker, J.M., Venables, W.A. (1990). Weather and bird migration. Weather. 46, 47-56.
Zalakevicius, M., Zalakevicius, R. (2001). Global climate change impact on birds: a review of research in Lithuania. Folia Zoologica. 50(1), 1-17.
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