COMPONENTS OF THE ABOVEGROUND PART OF DIPSACUS AZUREUS
UDC 615.322:547.913+543.544.45
Abstract
Dipsacus azureus (family Dipsacaceae) is used as a traditional medicinal plant for the treatment of rheumatism, skin ulcers, and stomach cancer. Experiments have shown that it has analgesic and stimulating effects on the cardiovascular system. A study was conducted on the carbohydrates, lipids, and other low-molecular-weight metabolites of the aerial parts of D. azureus, collected during the flowering period in the Tashkent region.
The alcohol-soluble sugars are represented by fructose, sucrose, and glucose. The yield of water-soluble polysaccharides extracted with cold water (WSPC-c) was 0.38%, and those extracted at 70°C (WSPC-h) were 1.92%. The monosaccharide composition of WSPC-c and WSPC-h includes acidic and neutral monosaccharides: galacturonic and glucuronic acids, galactose, glucose, and arabinose, with rhamnose detected in smaller quantities. The monosaccharide composition of pectic substances includes uronic acid, galactose, glucose, and arabinose, with xylene and rhamnose present in trace amounts. The monosaccharide composition of hemicellulose consists of acidic and neutral monosaccharides: uronic acid, galactose, glucose, arabinose, xylene, and rhamnose.
The air-dried crushed aboveground rt of Dipsacus azureus contains 1.71% neutral lipids (NL) and 2.57% polar lipids (PL) consisting of NL residues, glycolipids (GL) and phospholipids (PL). Thus, the aboveground rt of the plant contain 4.28% total lipids. Hence contain 18 (NL) and 17 (PL) LCs with predominance from saturated fatty acids 16:0 (22.56-27.44%) and from unsaturated 18:2-ω6-linolenic acid (15.13-18.80%) and much higher content of 18:3-α-linolenic acid (24.51-31.45%). The sum of polyunsaturated fatty acids (18:2; 18:3; 20:4) is 47.17% in NL and 44.13% in PL (18:2; 18:3; 20:2). It should be noted that the peculiarity of the LC set of the aboveground rt of D. azureus is the presence of high-molecular acids with chain lengths from 22 to 24 C atoms in the acids of NL and PL.
Individual compounds 1-6 were isolated from an 80% ethanol extract of the plant, which were identified ased on the study of spectral data 1D (1H, 13C) and 2D (HSQC, HMBC, COSY) NMR spectroscopy, as well as comparison with information published in the literature and authentic samples identified by ursolic acid, methyl glycoside, hederogenin, oleanolic acid, as well as the iridoid glycosides loganin and sveroside.
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