CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NATIVE WATER-SOLUBLE POLYSACCHARIDES OF HYPERICUM PERFORATUM L., URTICA DIOICA L., FILIPENDULA ULMARIA (L.) MAXIM., SOLIDAGO VIRGAUREA L., SYMPHYTUM OFFICINALE L., SYRINGA VULGARIS L.
UDC 615.275.4
Abstract
The aim was to study previously undescribed native water-soluble polysaccharides (NWSPS) of plant species used as anti-inflammatory and/or immunomodulatory agents. NWSPS are obtained with water without heating from raw materials previously purified from lipophilic and phenolic components, followed by ethanol precipitation and purification by dialysis. The protein and uronic acid content were determined by spectrophotometric method, the molecular mass characteristics by high-efficiency exclusion chromatography, the monosaccharide composition by gas chromatography, and infrared spectra were obtained. Neutral sugars are the predominant components of all the studied NWSPS. The retention of uronic acids ranged from 5–7% (Filipendula ulmaria, Solidago virgaurea, Symphytum officinale) to 14–15% (Hypericum perforatum, Urtica dioica, Syringa vulgaris); protein – about 7–10% (with the exception of S. vulgaris). All the studied species have NWSPS that are homogeneous in molecular weight and have a low coefficient of heterogeneity (with the exception of S. virgaurea); they contain 1-6 fragments with a molecular weight from 100 to 400 kDa and 24-29 fragments with a molecular weight from 10 to 100 kDa. Monomeric fragments of H. perforatum NWSPS are represented in equal parts by xylose and galacturonic acid; U. dioica – xylose>glucose>galacturonic acid; F. ulmaria – xylose>rhamnose; S. virgaurea – glucose>galactose and galacturonic acid>xylose; S. officinale – glucose>xylose and galacturonic acid; S. vulgaris – galactose >galacturonic acid>xylose and glucose. Pyranose and furanose forms of monosaccharide fragments, α- and β-type glycosidic bonds are present in all NWSPS. It seems promising to further investigate the anti-inflammatory and/or immunomodulatory activity of the described NWSPS in order to justify further in-depth investigation of the chemical composition of polysaccharide complexes with proven biological activity.
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