DEVELOPMENT OF A TECHNIQUE FOR LIQUID EXTRACTION OF THE AMOUNT OF GLYCOALKALOIDS FROM THE PEEL OF TUBEROUS POTATO TUBERS (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM, F. SOLANACEAE)
UDC 615.322, 615.451.1
Abstract
Glycoalkaloids (HA) of plants of the Solanaceae family (in particular tuberous potatoes) such as α-solanine and α-chaconin have a wide range of pharmacological effects: antimicrobial, antifungal, antitumor, etc., as demonstrated by the use of individual substances and on various extracts. The use of substances of these substances in practice as medicines has little prospect due to the high cost and foreign production. In this regard, the aim of the work was to develop an economical method for extracting the amount of HA from the standardized peel of tuberous potato tubers to obtain a dry extract with a maximum content of target substances. For this purpose, extractants were selected in accordance with the solubility of α-solanine and α-chaconin: acetic acid, methanol, ethanol, pyridine; extraction technique was selected (single maceration for 90 minutes) and deposition methods were tested: solvent distillation under vacuum, precipitation with ammonia or cooling after heating. The criteria for choosing a solvent were the yield of the amount of HA (HPLC-MS/MS), the content of concomitant substances and more toxic solanidine, economic and legal accessibility, toxicity, and the amount of solanidine. The optimal method was liquid extraction with aqueous acetic acid and precipitation with ammonia solution. The chosen technique has been modified by changing the time, the frequency of extraction, and the use of ultrasound. As a result, it was found that the content of the sum of α-solanine and α-chaconin per 100 g of dried vegetable raw materials was the highest when using triple maceration for 10 minutes. Thus, the technique of liquid extraction of the sum of HA was developed.
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